Instantaneous communication throughputs of vehicular ad hoc networks

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) formed by connected vehicles in a traffic stream could be applied to improve safety, mobility, and environmental impacts of a transportation system. In this paper, we present analytical models for the instantaneous communication throughputs of VANETs to measure the efficiency of information propagation under various traffic conditions at a time instant. In particular, we define broadcast and unicast communication throughputs by the wireless channel bandwith multiplied by the average probabilities that one vehicle is a successful receiver and sender in a VAENT, respectively. With a protocol communication model, we derive formulas to determine the probabilities for an equipped vehicle to be a successful broadcast receiver and a successful unicast receiver/sender, and obtain broadcast and unicast throughputs along discrete and continuous traffic streams. We further examine the impacts on communication throughputs of the transmission range and the interference range of dedicated short range communication devices as well as the market penetration rate of equipped vehicles and the percentage of senders. Finally, we investigate the influence of shock waves on communication throughputs.     

An adaptive information fusion model to predict the short-term link travel time distribution in dynamic traffic networks

As intelligent transportation systems (ITS) approach the realm of widespread deployment, there is an increasing need to robustly capture the variability of link travel time in real-time to generate reliable predictions of real-time traffic conditions. This study proposes an adaptive information fusion model to predict the short-term link travel time distribution by iteratively combining past information on link travel time on the current day with the real-time link travel time information available at discrete time points. The past link travel time information is represented as a discrete distribution. The real-time link travel time is represented as a range, and is characterized using information quality in terms of information accuracy and time delay. A nonlinear programming formulation is used to specify the adaptive information fusion model to update the short-term link travel time distribution by focusing on information quality. The model adapts good information by weighing it higher while shielding the effects of bad information by reducing its weight. Numerical experiments suggest that the proposed model adequately represents the short-term link travel time distribution in terms of accuracy and robustness, while ensuring consistency with ambient traffic flow conditions. Further, they illustrate that the mean of a representative short-term travel time distribution is not necessarily a good tracking indicator of the actual (ground truth) time-dependent travel time on that link. Parametric sensitivity analysis illustrates that information accuracy significantly influences the model, and dominates the effects of time delay and the consistency constraint parameter. The proposed information fusion model bridges key methodological gaps in the ITS deployment context related to information fusion and the need for short-term travel time distributions.     

A latent class accelerated hazard model of social activity duration

Over the past decade, activity scheduling processes have gained increasing attention in the field of transportation research. However, still little is known about the scheduling of social activities even though these activities account for a large and growing portion of trips. This paper contributes to this knowledge. We analyze how the duration of social activities is influenced by social activity characteristics and characteristics of the relationship between the respondent and the contacted person(s). To that end, a latent class accelerated hazard model is estimated, based on social interaction diary data that was collected in the Netherlands in 2008. Chi-square tests and analyses of variance are used to test for significant relations between the latent classes and personal and household characteristics. Findings suggest that the social activity characteristics and the characteristics of the relationship between the socializing persons are highly significant in explaining social activity duration. This shows that social activities should not be considered as a homogenous set of activities and it underlines the importance of including the social context in travel-behavior models. Moreover, the results indicate that there is a substantial amount of latent heterogeneity across the population. Four latent classes are identified, showing different social activity durations, and different effects for both categories of explanatory variables. Latent class membership can be explained by household composition, socio-economic status (education, income and work hours), car ownership and the number of interactions in 2 days.     

偏压连拱隧道施工方法研究

文章采川三维有限元数值模拟研究了偏压连拱隧道不同施工顺序下拱顶下沉、中墙稳定性及初期支护受力特征.研究结果表明,先开挖浅埋侧时,拱顶沉降较小,中墙在施工中的稳定安全系数较大、弯矩较小,初期支护受力较大;对于浅埋偏压连拱隧道,围岩变形及中墙在施工中的稳定性控制更为重要.所以,从有利于围岩变形、中墙稳定性控制以及中墙受力的角度出发,宜采用先开挖浅埋侧的施工方法.     

Logit模型在南广高铁线客流分担预测中的应用

对分担率进行科学的预测是交通运输规划的基础性工作,是制定运输决策的重要依据。文章经过比较选取多项Logit模型为分担率预测模型,介绍了模型建立与求解的方法,并运用该模型对南广高铁沿线客流分担率进行预测分析。     

基于连续-离散混合模型的船舶推进轴系纵向振动动力吸振分析

以直接传动形式的船舶推进轴系为研究对象,基于连续-离散混合模型,开展推进轴系纵向振动动力吸振设计分析。采用直接法和模态叠加法计算比较推进轴系在螺旋桨脉动推力下的频率响应,识别出第1阶模态是优势模态。结合Lagrange方程和模态展开定理推导出推进轴系连续-动力吸振器离散混合模型的动力学方程,采用动力调谐优化方法对动力吸振器进行优化设计,在优化状态下讨论动力吸振器的控制效果和参数影响规律。分析结果表明:动力吸振器安装位置应尽可能接近螺旋桨端,以减小动力吸振器动力参数值;第1阶共振线谱的减振效果与动力吸振器安装位置无关,仅取决于其质量比。     

地下交通转换平台射流通风特性及风流组织方式研究

为探究地下交通转换平台内通风系统的合理布局,采用比尺模型试验和CFD模拟相结合的方法,研究射流风机和通风组织对地下交通转换平台内气流运动的影响。结果表明： 1）当联络通道内风机射流朝向敞开段时,为使风机升压系数Kj最大,630 mm、900 mm、1 120 mm射流风机的布设位置应距离敞开段分别大于40、50、65 m; 2）大口径射流风机具有更大的Kj,但占用的断面空间更大,且射流诱导段更长,应根据联络通道长度和高度合理选择射流风机口径; 3）地下交通转换平台的通风组织不宜采用同侧开启方式,采用对角抽吸方式时,联络通道内的污染物混入比最低、通风效率最高。     

多方式多类型交通分配模型(MMA)在收费型公路网中的应用研究

在对收费型公路运营模式进行研究的基础上,利用交通规划软件建立了基于广义费用的交通流量分配模型即多方式多类型交通分配模型,通过对模型参数的科学标定和网络的合理设置,得到各类车型在特定网络上的流量分配、路段饱和率以及通行费用,并对此模型的应用效果进行分析,最终为区域高速公路网规划、路段交通量预测提供依据。     

基于MapBasic的战时运输最优路径问题研究

战时运输最优路径问题是一个多目标多约束随机动态路网寻优问题。在分析战时运输最优路径问题特性前提下,着重研究战时运输路阻函数模型,求出时间阻抗、风险阻抗和费用阻抗,标定阻抗参数μ1,μ2和μ3,及确定函数模型的MapBasic表达,在给出最优路径模型基础上,利用改进的Dijkstra算法求解。实例验证表明研究成果满足实用要求。     

车辆协同巡航控制系统设计改进与试验评价

为提高交通流运行的机动性、稳定性,对车辆协同巡航控制(CACC)系统进行了改进设计. 基于经典Newell 模型提出了考虑CACC的改进跟驰模型,分析了所提出的CACC改进跟驰模型的动力学特性,给出了CACC改进跟驰模型的线性稳定性条件,并对由CACC车辆和非CACC车辆组成的非均匀车队的不同无线通讯拓扑结构进行了比较研究. 通过数值试验进一步研究了在起步、刹车和意外事件的情况下,CACC车辆的存在对交通流动力学的影响. 研究结果表明,通过合理设计CACC跟驰系统的模型参数取值后,CACC车辆的存在一方面可以提高交通流运行的机动性与稳定性,另一方面可以使交通出行更加的安全和舒适. 此外,由于不同车队中CACC车辆的无线通讯拓扑结构会影响交通流的机动性与稳定性,对于 CACC车辆的无线通讯拓扑结构应慎重的设计与优化.