风向角对CRH2列车气动特性的影响研究

为研究不同风向角下高速铁路列车气动力特性,分析流线型列车周围流场结构差异对列车气动力影响,以高速铁路典型CRH2列车为研究背景,采用风洞试验和数值模拟相结合的研究手段对不同工况下列车气动力和流场结构进行分析.研究结果表明:测压和测力试验结果具有很好的一致性,数值模拟与风洞试验结果吻合良好,可用来分析风向角对列车气动特性...     

马来西亚东海岸铁路CTCS-2级列控系统方案研究

对马来西亚东海岸铁路CTCS-2级列控系统方案进行了分析和研究;针对单线自动站间闭塞情况提出了CTCS-2级列控系统方案;通过综合比较后提出马来西亚东海岸铁路列控系统推荐方案,可为CTCS-2级列控系统在单线自动站间闭塞中的应用提供一定参考.     

涌浪条件下斜坡式防波堤堤脚块石稳定性

海外港口工程大部分位于以涌浪为主的海域,防波堤在涌浪作用下的稳定性尚未得到全面认识。对于斜坡堤,除了护面对其稳定性至关重要外,堤脚对其稳定性也很重要。以某一具体港口防波堤工程为例,通过波浪断面和局部整体物理模型试验,对涌浪作用下斜坡堤堤脚块石的稳定性进行了研究。根据试验结果,对比正向和斜向波浪作用下斜坡堤堤脚块石的稳定性结果,重点分析了斜向波浪作用下斜坡堤堤头圆弧段堤脚块石发生破坏的原因及其随入射波浪周期和水位的变化关系,并对原方案堤脚进行了优化。     

The effectiveness of a European speed limit versus an international bunker-levy to reduce CO2 emissions from container shipping

In the fight to reduce CO₂ emissions from international shipping, a bunker-levy is currently under consideration at the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Faced with the inability of the IMO to reach an agreement in the short term, the European Commission is now contemplating a unilateral measure of a speed limit for all ships entering European Union (EU) ports. This paper argues that this measure is counterproductive for two reasons. Firstly, because it may ultimately generate more emissions and incur a cost per ton of CO₂ which is more than society is willing to pay. Secondly, because it is sub-optimal compared to results obtained if an international bunker-levy was to be implemented. These elements are illustrated using two direct transatlantic services operated in 2010.     

Soil Body Deformation Caused by Construction of a Double-Line Shield Tunnel with Multiple Factors北大核心CSCD

Considering the influence of many factors (soil loss, frontal additional thrust, the friction force of the shield shell and the additional grouting force), a method for improving the uniform soil body movement model is pro-posed, and a mechanical calculation model is established to study the calculation method for soil body deformation caused by double-line parallel shield driving. Based on the Mindlin solutions of elastic mechanics, the theoretical solutions for soil body deformations caused by the last three factors are calculated; considering the uniform soil body movement model, the theoretical solutions for soil body deformations caused by soil loss are calculated, then the to-tal theoretical solutions for soil body deformations under multiple factors are obtained by means of superposition. The vertical surface settlement, vertical horizontal displacement, and vertical displacements of the soil body at different depths of Hangzhou Metro Line 1 are calculated to analyze the variation laws. Meanwhile the influential factors for horizontal displacement variation are studied. The research shows that with a change of depth, the settlement of the soil body changes within the scope of 10 to 13 m in the horizontal direction near where the maximum settlement occurs;the direction of the horizontal displacement of the soil body changes with a change of the positional relationship be-tween the calculation points and the tunnel; and with an increase of interval J for the two tunnels, the horizontal dis-placement of the soil body of a deep double-line tunnel decreases while the displacement near the surface changes slightly. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

拖曳式试验系统拖缆平台振动测试与分析

工程应用中,拖曳式试验系统拖缆平台存在明显的振动现象,振动产生的辐射噪声会对环境声场产生影响.基于拖缆平台的结构及运行原理,分析其内部的主要激励源,并进行现场振动测试.测试试验对平台支柱、绞车系统和隔振装置的振动信号进行了测量和分析,结果表明,平台支柱存在一定程度的振动,绞车机架振动主要由传动装置激励产生,隔振螺栓隔振效果不佳.测试数据及结果可为系统在工程应用中的优化设计和振动控制提供参考.     

固态胺纤维制备及在密闭舱内吸附CO2性能研究

以聚丙烯腈纤维(PAN)为基体,通过水解、酰氯化及与聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)接枝反应制备得到多胺基型固态胺纤维.应用红外光谱仪、热重分析仪及扫描电子显微镜表征了纤维的官能团结构、热稳定性及表面微观形貌.在温度25.0℃、相对湿度80%、初始CO2浓度1.0%的条件下,测得纤维在30 min内对CO2的吸附量可达154.4 g/kg;105℃ 水蒸气再生10 min,循环吸附再生50次,纤维的再生效率为98.3%.     

基于正交设计的船用柴油机燃烧系统参数匹配及优化

为研究柴油机燃烧系统参数匹配对柴油机动力和排放性能的影响,首先分别利用AVL_BOOST和AVL_FIRE仿真软件建立4190ZLC-2型船用柴油机整机模型和缸内燃烧高压循环模型,然后基于已建模型应用正交试验设计方法安排柴油机进气系统、喷油系统和燃烧室结构尺寸参数匹配仿真计算。研究结果表明,通过极差分析可以得出燃烧系统参数对4190ZLC-2型柴油机性能的影响主次顺序。以柴油机指示功率为评价指标时,参数组合0.26 mm-28°CA-160°-0.9-145 mm-2.6 mm-22 mm(喷孔直径-喷油提前角-油束夹角-涡流比-喉口直径-凸台高度-凹坑半径)对应的指示功率为63.40 k W,比原机仿真值高15%;以NOX排放为评价指标时,参数组合0.30 mm-24°CA-140°-0.4-135 mm-6.6 mm-14 mm(喷孔直径-喷油提前角-油束夹角-涡流比-喉口直径-凸台高度-凹坑半径)对应的NOX排放质量分数为0.015 7%,比原机仿真值低30.2%。     

战时桥梁损伤等级的初步评定

战时桥梁保障任务繁重,对遭袭损伤桥梁的保障步骤是:评定损伤等级、制定抢修或抢建方案、实施方案和验收通行,而对于如何"评定桥梁损伤等级"这一环节,并无评定规范或标准,使战时桥梁保障方案的选取与制定无法可依,无章可循,桥梁保障也就无法适应现代高技术条件下战争的需要。根据现有工程的验收评定方法并结合战争中桥梁快速保障的特点,初步进行战时桥梁损伤等级的划分,拟订了评定方法和评定过程,为实现评定的自动化打下了初步基础。     

一种结合2DLPP与2DPCA的人脸识别方法

为解决二维局部保持投影(2DLPP)需要较多数据表示人脸特征的缺陷,提出了一种新的二维局部保持投影主成分分析方法(2DLPP-PCA).通过对人脸图像在行、列方向同时进行2DLPP和2DPCA投影,2DLPP-PCA 不仅能减少保存人脸特征所需要的数据量,而且能有效地提取人脸的局部特征和全局特征.在ORL、Yale和CAS-PEAL-R1人脸数据库上的实验结果表明,2DLPP-PCA是一种高性能的特征提取方法,当训练样本数为6时,2DLPP-PCA在ORL数据库上的最佳平均识别率达到99％以上.