无钥匙进入启动系统介绍

无钥匙进入与启动系统在新车型无线进入应心中正迅速地成为主流和通用的方案选择.相对于通过按遥控钥匙去控制车门的开与关和通过传统的钥匙去启动汽车,无钥匙进入与启动系统通过一个用户携带的智能钥匙提高了用户的舒适性和安全性.     

CO2轿车空调降温性能试验研究

介绍了国内第一台配置CO2空调系统的桑塔纳轿车在环境模拟实验室和道路行驶时空调效果的测试结果,该制冷系统采用铜管铝片式换热器,其尺寸与原HFC134 a系统基本一致,压缩机采用斜盘活塞式,节流机构采用手动控制开度的电子膨胀阀。试验表明此空调器基本能满足降温的需要,但零部件的性能需要改善。     

轨道车辆三电平中点自平衡电路拓扑研究

在有轨电车超级电容供电系统中,作为充电装置的三电平直流变换器中储能电容存在有均压以及中点平衡问题,中点不平衡将导致装置的工作异常,严重的将引起直流变换器的损坏。对此,传统方法一般是通过电路拓扑结构及控制策略调节电力电子器件开关管占空比来解决。通过分析传统充电装置中三电平中点电位不平衡的原因,针对超级电容型轨道车辆充电系统中三电平直流变换器中点偏移问题,提出一种新的三电平直流变换电路拓扑,通过斜对称电容构建三电平充电电路,不仅具有传统三电平直流变换拓扑降低开关管应力、改善系统的动态性能的优点,还可以在不依靠控制算法的基础上实现一定的三电平直流变换器均压电容中点电位的自平衡校正能力。针对该电路拓扑,详细阐述优化拓扑电路的工作原理和其中点自平衡特点,同时给出电路中相关开关器件及滤波电感及均压支撑电容计算过程。通过Matlab/Simulink仿真软件分析及搭建实物平台,验证优化拓扑结构不仅兼具传统三电平直流变换器拓扑降低开关管应力,改善系统动态性能的优点,更有充电速率快,安全性能高的特点,还能不依靠控制算法实现中点电位自平衡。     

马自达6轿车ABS故障诊断

马自达6轿车ABS由轮速传感器A熏BST/CSHUC/M等组成。ABST/CSHUC/M由液压控制单元和电子控制模块组合而成,通常被称为ABS控制器,采用这种结构可使系统紧凑。简述了马自达6轿车车载诊断试验过程。给出了马自达6轿车ABS的诊断故障代码及相应的诊断步骤,并列举了常见故障的诊断实例。     

液压式盾构/TBM主机平移-空推集成装置的研制

研究目的:目前,隧道掘进机平移与空推工艺多采用不同装置分步完成,装置安装耗时费力,严重影响项目施工进程,且国内外没有可同时解决掘进机主机平移和空推的工法或装置.本文研制了一种基于液压的盾构/TBM主机平移-空推集成装置,将平移与空推工序合一,可极大提高工程施工效率,实现荷载600 t盾构/TBM主机连续移位. 研究结论...     

Fast Mode Decision Method Based on Historical Information for H. 264/AVC

Mode decision based on rate-distortion optimization algorithm brings high compression efficiency to H.264/AVC. However, heavy computation load is also added to the encoder at the same time. In order to reduce the computation burden of mode decision, this paper presented a fast mode decision method based on mode information of the previously coded frame. Moreover, all coding modes were activated when scene change occurs and a scheme to detect scene change was proposed. The simulation results show that compared to the original encoder, the proposed method achieves a reduction of over 38% encoding time and keeps almost the same PSNR and bitrate for a wide range of quantization parameter.     

重载货车的发展对空重车调整装置的影响

分析了重载货车因空重比的改变而加装空重车调整装置,以降低空车制动缸压力的必要性,同时分析了低制动缸压力对制动效率、制动缸活塞行程等的影响,认为纯制动率是影响制动效率的主要因素。     

Dynamic demand estimation and prediction for traffic urban networks adopting new data sources

Nowadays, new mobility information can be derived from advanced traffic surveillance systems that collect updated traffic measurements, both in fixed locations and over specific corridors or paths. Such recent technological developments point to challenging and promising opportunities that academics and practitioners have only partially explored so far.The paper looks at some of these opportunities within the Dynamic Demand Estimation problem (DDEP). At first, data heterogeneity, accounting for different sets of data providing a wide spatial coverage, has been investigated for the benefit of off-line demand estimation. In an attempt to mimic the current urban networks monitoring, examples of complex real case applications are being reported where route travel times and route choice probabilities from probe vehicles are exploited together with common link traffic measurements.Subsequently, on-line detection of non-recurrent conditions is being recorded, adopting a sequential approach based on an extension of the Kalman Filter theory called Local Ensemble Transformed Kalman Filter (LETKF).Both the off-line and the on-line investigations adopt a simulation approach capable of capturing the highly nonlinear dependence between the travel demand and the traffic measurements through the use of dynamic traffic assignment models. Consequently, the possibility of using collected traffic information is enhanced, thus overcoming most of the limitations of current DDEP approaches found in the literature.     

Changes in fuel economy: An analysis of the Spanish car market

This paper estimates the role that technological change and car characteristics have played in the rate of fuel consumption of vehicles over time. Using data from the Spanish car market from 1988 to 2013, we estimate a reduced form equation that relates fuel consumption with a set of car characteristics. The results for the sales-weighted sample of vehicles show that energy efficiency would have improved by 30% and 42% for petrol and diesel cars respectively had car characteristics been held constant at 1988 values. However, the shift to bigger and more fuel-consuming cars reduced the gains from technological progress. Additionally, using the results of the fuel equation we show that, besides a natural growth rate of 1.1%, technological progress is affected by both the international price of oil and the adoption of mandatory emission standards. Moreover, according to our estimations, a 1% growth in GDP would modify car characteristics in such a way that fuel consumption would increase by around 0.23% for petrol cars and 0.35% for diesel cars.     

Dynamic activity-travel assignment in multi-state supernetworks

The integration of activity-based modeling and dynamic traffic assignment for travel demand analysis has recently attracted ever-increasing attention. However, related studies have limitations either on the integration structure or the number of choice facets being captured. This paper proposes a formulation of dynamic activity-travel assignment (DATA) in the framework of multi-state supernetworks, in which any path through a personalized supernetwork represents a particular activity-travel pattern (ATP) at a high level of spatial and temporal detail. DATA is formulated as a discrete-time dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) problem, which is reformulated as an equivalent variational inequality (VI) problem. A generalized dynamic link disutility function is established with the accommodation of different characteristics of the links in the supernetworks. Flow constraints and non-uniqueness of equilibria are also investigated. In the proposed formulation, the choices of departure time, route, mode, activity sequence, activity and parking location are all unified into one time-dependent ATP choice. As a result, the interdependences among all these choice facets can be readily captured. A solution algorithm based on the route-swapping mechanism is adopted to find the user equilibrium. A numerical example with simulated scenarios is provided to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach.