体积法设计沥青混合料在广东西部沿海高速公路中的应用

按体积比设计沥青混合料的方法可以在不明显提高造价的前提下 ,较传统技术显著提高沥青路面的力学性能和表面功能。结合西部沿海高速公路上面层FAC - 13试验路设计 ,简要阐述了沥青混合料的级配组成特性和按体积法设计沥青混合料的级配设计方法 ,以及所铺筑的试验路概况。     

九圩港大桥连续钢箱梁桥面铺装混合料配合比设计

连续钢箱梁桥较拉索支撑扁平流线型钢桥跨径小且刚度大。现有的钢桥面铺装结构主要适应于拉索支撑扁平流线型钢桥铺装,而连续钢箱梁桥面铺装结构体系的研究在国内尚属空白,依托南通市九圩港大桥提出新型桥面铺装结构并进行针对性设计,运营通车以来尚未出现任何病害,表现出良好的使用性能,进一步的跟踪观测正在进行中。     

白细胞介素13在原发性肾小球肾炎肾组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨白细胞介素13(IL-13)在几种常见病理类型的原发性肾小球肾炎(PGN)患者肾组织中的表达及其意义。方法采用免疫组织化学法检测81例PGN患者及10例对照组肾组织中IL-13的表达情况,并与各项临床指标进行相关性分析。结果PGN患者肾组织中IL-13表达均较对照组明显增强;IL-13在PGN患者肾组织中的表达与血尿素氮、肌酐水平、24h尿蛋白定量以及肾小球新月体形成呈正相关(r分别为0.325,0.275,0.291,0.231),而与肾小球滤过率(GFR)、血清白蛋白水平呈负相关(r分别为-0.448,-0.296)。结论IL-13参与PGN患者肾组织的炎症反应及肾小球新月体的形成过程,并与肾功能进展及尿蛋白严重程度密切相关。     

MARPOL附则Ⅰ修正案对油船运输市场的影响

2002年11月的“威望”号轮事故的发生促使国际海事组织(IMO)第50届特别海上环境保护委员会通过了对《73／78防污公约》附则Ⅰ的修正案,修订了淘汰单壳油船的时间表(第13G条),并增加了限制单壳油船载运重油的新规定(第13H条)。于2005年4月5日生效的该修正案对全球油船运输业产生了重大的影响。     

Simulation methods supporting homologation of Electronic Stability Control in vehicle variants

ABSTRACT

Vehicle simulation has a long tradition in the automotive industry as a powerful supplement to physical vehicle testing. In the field of Electronic Stability Control (ESC) system, the simulation process has been well established to support the ESC development and application by suppliers and Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). The latest regulation of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe UN/ECE-R 13 allows also for simulation-based homologation. This extends the usage of simulation from ESC development to homologation. This paper gives an overview of simulation methods, as well as processes and tools used for the homologation of ESC in vehicle variants. The paper first describes the generic homologation process according to the European Regulation (UN/ECE-R 13H, UN/ECE-R 13/11) and U.S. Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS 126). Subsequently the ESC system is explained as well as the generic application and release process at the supplier and OEM side. Coming up with the simulation methods, the ESC development and application process needs to be adapted for the virtual vehicles. The simulation environment, consisting of vehicle model, ESC model and simulation platform, is explained in detail with some exemplary use-cases. In the final section, examples of simulation-based ESC homologation in vehicle variants are shown for passenger cars, light trucks, heavy trucks and trailers. This paper is targeted to give a state-of-the-art account of the simulation methods supporting the homologation of ESC systems in vehicle variants. However, the described approach and the lessons learned can be used as reference in future for an extended usage of simulation-supported releases of the ESC system up to the development and release of driver assistance systems.

Abbreviations: ABS: Anti-lock braking system; ADR: Australian design rules; ALB: Automatic load-dependent brake force controller; AMEVSC: Alternative method to assess the electronic vehicle stability control system; APP: Application; BSC: Brake slip controller; CAE: Computer-aided engineering; CAN: Controller area network; CAT: Category; CoG: Centre of gravity; DIN: Deutsches Institut für Normung (German Institute for Standards); EB+: Trademark of Haldex; EBD: Electronic brake force distribution; EBS: Electronic brake system; ECU: Electronic control unit; ESC: Electronic stability control; ECVWTA: European Community Whole Vehicle Type Approval; FMVSS: Federal motor vehicle safety standards; GPS: Global positioning system; GRRF: Groupe de travail en matiere de roulement et de freinage (Working Party on Braking and Running Gear); HiL: Hardware-in-the-Loop; HSRI: Highway Safety Research Institute; K&C: Kinematic and compliant (KnC); MBS: Multibody systems; MPV: Multipurpose vehicle; NHTSA: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; OEM: Original equipment manufacturer; SiL: Software-in-the-Loop; ST: Summer tyres; STM: Single track model; StVO: Straßenverkehrsordnung (Government Highway Regulations); SUV: Sports utility vehicle; SW: Software; SwD: Sine with dwell manoeuvre; TC: Threshold consumption value; TCS: Traction control system; TRIAS: Test Requirements and Instructions for Automobile Standards; UN/ECE: United Nations Economic Commission for Europe; VAF: Value-added function; VDC: Vehicle dynamics controller; VTC: Vehicle test catalogue; WT: Winter tyres     

AR-AC13橡胶沥青混合料设计与施工

AR-ACl3橡胶沥青混合料在江苏省大规模应用尚属首次,结合相关科研成果,在室内目标配合比及生产配比设计试验的基础上,通过宁常(南京-常州)高速公路的大规模铺筑确定了混合料合理的施工工艺,为橡胶沥青混合料路面的推广应用积蕾了经验.     

大窑湾疏港高速公路SMA配合比设计

结合SMA特点,介绍了大窑湾疏港高速公路SMA-13L上面层结构材料情况和配合比设计过程.     

城市旧路加铺改造中调整AK-13B的尝试

针对AK-13B抗水损害能力较差的缺点,在某城市旧路加铺改造的实际应用中,对AK-13B从配合比设计到施工均作了一定的调整和改进,取得了优良的路用性能。此经验可为同类工程提供借鉴。     

2Cr13钢转动座热处理工艺优化试验研究

2Cr13钢转动座耐腐蚀性能受其热处理工艺影响较大,分析尾轴密封装置转动座腐蚀失效的原因,优化2Cr13钢转动座热处理工艺,成为一项迫切的任务。通过反复试验,全面测试了2Cr13钢转动座物理机械性能和耐蚀性能与热处理的关系,分析了2Cr13钢在不同回火温度中随析出相不同,其物理机械性能和抗腐蚀能力的变化规律。研究结果表明,2Cr13钢在低温回火时,材料的综合性能强,可同时保证硬度、强度、耐磨性及耐腐蚀性能的要求。     

基于TAPI3的CTI通信软件设计

TAPI是Microsoft推出的一种标准的Windows应用程序接口(API),以TAPI接口为核心,系统地分析TA-PI3的原理、组成及接口技术,并针对实际工程需要设计出一个完整的基于TAPI3的计算机电话集成系统的解决方案,同时给出软件编程思路与系统实现方法.