复合地层条件的盾构机适应性评估与再制造技术

针对南京地铁机场线复合地层的特点,特别是复杂多变的安山岩地层特性,以及工程筹划上对盾构设备需求量大的实际情况,选择两段区间隧道拟采用的3台既有复合盾构机进行适应性评估、再制造技术研究,确定设备改制后的性能指标,介绍盾壳、推进系统、刀盘刀具等主要系统的改制方案。改制后的设备均顺利完成了相应区间隧道的实施,可为同类条件下的盾构机选型或改制提供借鉴与参考。     

Demonstration of reduced airport congestion through pushback rate control

Airport surface congestion results in significant increases in taxi times, fuel burn and emissions at major airports. This paper describes the field tests of a congestion control strategy at Boston Logan International Airport. The approach determines a suggested rate to meter pushbacks from the gate, in order to prevent the airport surface from entering congested states and to reduce the time that flights spend with engines on while taxiing to the runway. The field trials demonstrated that significant benefits were achievable through such a strategy: during eight four-hour tests conducted during August and September 2010, fuel use was reduced by an estimated 12,250–14,500 kg (4000–4700 US gallons), while aircraft gate pushback times were increased by an average of only 4.4 min for the 247 flights that were held at the gate.     

Development of two driving cycles for utility vehicles

Driving cycles are used to assess vehicle fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. The premise in this article is that suburban road-work vehicles and airport vehicles operate under particular conditions that are not taken into account by conventional driving cycles. Thus, experimental data were acquired from two pickup trucks representing both vehicle fleets that were equipped with a data logger. Based on experimental data, the suburban road-work vehicle showed a mixed driving behavior of high and low speed with occasional long periods of idling. In the airport environment, however, the driving conditions were restricted to airport grounds but were characterized by many accelerations and few high speeds. Based on these measurements, microtrips were defined and two driving cycles proposed. Fuel consumption and pollutant emissions were then measured for both cycles and compared to the FTP-75 and HWFCT cycles, which revealed a major difference: at least a 31% increase in fuel consumption over FTP-75. This increased fuel consumption translates into higher pollutant emissions. When CO₂ equivalent emissions are taken into account, the proposed cycles show an increase of at least 31% over FTP-75 and illustrate the importance of quantifying fleet speed patterns to assess CO₂ equivalent emissions so that the fleet manager can determine potential gains in energy or increased pollutant emissions.     

The impact of airport noise as part of a Strategic Environmental Assessment,case study: The Tivat (Montenegro) Airport expansion plan

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is one of the most important instruments for making relevant decisions on the basis of which spatial planning is aligned with the tenets and principles of sustainable spatial development. Its primary application is in spatial (strategic) and urban planning, as well as in the planning and design of sectoral policies in the areas of energy, water management, waste management, transport, etc. The implementation of SEA allows developers to establish the benefits and implications of the proposed spatial changes, taking into account the capacity of the space to sustain the planned development, and to determine the degree of acceptability of the proposed spatial changes. This paper presents a specific method of assessing the impact of airport noise as part of a particular SEA. The particularity of this method is that it integrates the objectives, indicators and criteria for assessing the impact of airport noise on the population using the method of multi-criteria evaluation, applied in the preparation of the SEA for the Urban development plan regarding the expansion of Tivat Airport, Montenegro. The changes in noise intensity within the planning horizon to 2030 were predicted taking into account the following factors: physical, geographic and demographic characteristics of the space, the projected increase in the number and nature of the flights operated within the planning period, as well as the types of aircraft. On the basis of these data noise dispersion modelling was carried out using the IMMI model, and the results obtained were used in a multi-criteria evaluation as part of the SEA. The results of the research do not indicate any significant increase in noise intensity within the planning period to 2030 and they represent a good basis for making relevant decisions regarding the future development of Tivat Airport.     

基于侧风的跑道方向确定方法研究

跑道方向确定是机场规划设计的关键工作之一,确定跑道方向的主要依据是风保障率。针对当前在确定跑道方向过程中,风保障率计算方法精度不高、过程繁杂、结果单一的状况,通过分析风向与跑道方向之间的关系,建立了各个风向改算侧风的方法。依据全年风统计表,按照规定的最大侧风要求,计算了某机场地区8个跑道方向的超限侧风频率,拟合了超限侧...     

浦东国际机场北通道(申江路—主进场路)新建工程主线高架桥梁现浇连续箱梁施工

浦东国际机场北通道作为中环线向东延伸线,是连接中环线和上海浦东国际机场间的快速通道。着重阐述北通道14标主线高架桥梁现浇连续箱梁的施工方法及技术保证措施,可为同类工程提供参考。     

浦东国际机场北通道新建工程总体设计

介绍了上海浦东机场北通道工程的建设背景、主要技术标准、工程总体方案及平、纵线形设计与横断面布置,对道路路基路面、交叉口设计、匝道形式、桥梁工程、排水工程及附属工程进行了详细论述,有关经验可供相关专业人员参考。     

重庆机场路拓宽改造工程设计概述

重庆机场路拓宽改造工程是2010年重庆市重点基础设施建设项目。介绍该工程的工程规模、工程规划、交通量预测、工程总体设计以及施工期间的交通组织。     

机场道面病害维修对策选择优化模型研究

分析了机场道面病害处治的对策选择问题,提出了基于效益费用分析的维修对策优化选择模型。在建立道面典型病害维护对策库的基础上,给出了工程量预估算法,分析了维修措施的效益费用计算方法,通过建立线性规划实现维护方案的整体优化。费用上既考虑直接维护成本,又考虑维修期间对机场运行影响所产生的间接费用,效益以修补措施的＂有效时间＂表征,模型各项参数依据上海机场道面管理系统长期应用积累的数据确定。实例分析结果表明,模型较好地反映了各项维护措施的优劣性,输出的优化方案能够经济有效地修复病害。     

Comparing aircraft noise pollution and cost-risk effects of inland and offshore airports: The case of Dalian International Airport,Dalian, China

China’s Dalian International Airport is taken to compare the aircraft noise pollution and the cost-risk effects of the expanded an existing inland and a proposed offshore airport. The findings show that the aircraft noise pollution of the offshore airport is much less than that of the expanded inland airport; the land-use cost, noise reduction charges and other risks of the offshore airport are also much less; the creation of the offshore airport may be more favorable to the city’s development.