汽车检测与维修技术专业学生自主学习的研究与分析 ——以北京学校为例

基于工作过程以能力培养为主是北京汽修专业新的一轮教学改革目标。通过将传统教学与企业实践工作相融合,提倡行为导向,鼓励学生进行自主学习。但是在教学改革的过程中也暴露出学生自主学习能力不足,需要开展学生自主学习能力培养,需要增强学生主体地位,激发学习兴趣;需要推行探究式学习改进学习模式;需要改进教学方法加强学校软硬件建设。     

基于层次分析法的互通式立体交叉方案优化

互通式立交起着交通枢纽的作用，运用层次分析法，建立多级递阶结构模型，将复杂的决策过程层次化、数量化，解决多目标、多层次、多准则的决策问题，非常适合互通立交方案的优化。     

Spectral and time‐frequency analyses of freeway traffic flow

This paper uses spectral and time‐frequency analyses to treat three macroscopic traffic characteristics, namely, time mean speed, volume and occupancy as stochastic processes. Spectral and time‐frequency analyses are performed to characterize power spectral density (PSD), cross‐PSD, autocorrelation and cross‐correlation of these characteristics using TransGuide traffic data collected from four different freeways. It is found that low‐frequency components dominate the PSDs of speed, volume and occupancy at all times. The magnitude of PSDs decreases dramatically as frequency increases and remains almost at a constant level in high‐frequency regimes. A power law is found to exist, which describes the relationship between the frequency and the PSD of traffic characteristics. It is also found that speed can be properly modeled by a narrowband low‐pass stochastic process in a low‐frequency regime and by a nonzero mean white noise in a high‐frequency regime. Strong periodicities and synchronization are both shown in traffic flow. A variety of frequencies can be excited by congestion, and there is no dominant frequency found in stop‐and‐go traffic. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Walking-distance introduced queueing model for pedestrian queueing system: Theoretical analysis and experimental verification

We have introduced the effect of delay in walking from the head of a queue to the service windows in the queueing model and obtain a suitable type of queueing system under various conditions by both computational simulation and theoretical analysis. When there are multiple service windows, the queueing theory indicates that mean waiting time in a fork-type queueing system (Fork), which collects pedestrians into a single queue, is smaller than that in a parallel-type queueing system (Parallel), i.e., queues for each service window. However, in our walking-distance introduced queueing model, we have examined that mean waiting time in Parallel becomes smaller when both the arrival probability of pedestrians and the effect of walking distance are large. Moreover, enhanced Forks, which shorten waiting time by reducing the effect of walking distance, are considered, and parts of our results are also verified by real queueing experiments.     

外海沉管浮运安装作业窗口管理及工艺计划研究

沉管出坞浮运安装是港珠澳大桥岛隧工程中的关键性工程,也是一个连续的、不间断的施工过程。为了降低施工风险,结合船机设备能力,提出作业窗口管理系统,针对每步施工工序提出针对性的作业限制条件,以此寻找最佳的作业时期。潮汐条件是作业窗口因素中的关键因素,根据潮汐预报数编制24~36 h连续的浮运安装工艺计划,选择在最优的水文气象条件下,按照作业窗口管理系统严格按照计划进行作业。经过33节沉管浮运安装的现场验证,浮运安装作业窗口管理系统满足项目要求,有效保障了浮运安装安全,有效降低了施工风险和成本。     

邻近建筑物条件下青岛地铁盾构施工风险评价

以往构建的邻近建筑条件下地铁盾构施工风险指标没有考虑指标间的相关性,且忽略专家的犹豫程度,首先从方法创新的角度利用决策实验室法（DEMATEL）确定准则层间综合影响关系,作为控制层结构关系构建网络层次结构模型,求出DEMATEL和ANP相结合的主观混合权重; 再以熵权法求解客观权重,采用主客观权重偏差平方和最小为目标函数求解组合权重; 最后考虑了专家犹豫程度,运用vague集法进行施工风险评价。通过计算得出青岛地铁1号线安安区段风险等级与工程实际相符合,进而验证了该评价方法的实用性。     

下水过程中气囊承载接触变形数值分析

文章建立了气囊、船体及船台的接触有限元模型,采用超弹性本构模型模拟囊体材料特性,分析了在下水过程中三维承压气囊非线性接触变形特征,并对某大型散货船气囊下水过程中的危险工况进行分析,总结了典型船体形状对气囊承压变形的影响,修正了下水过程中典型气囊承载的极限变形量,可用于指导下水实践。     

200m3大型抓斗机电气系统设计

远海填岛工程往往需要使用大型抓斗式挖泥船,传统的抓斗机驱动方式已满足不了使用要求,设计开发出新型的抓斗机驱动形式显得非常必要。该文主要介绍了大型抓斗机电气系统设计方案及控制方式, 采用中压变频多传动驱动方式实现抓斗机的疏浚作业,克服传统OMEGA离合器驱动的不足,以实现抓斗机大型化,满足疏浚工程需求。     

船用SCR系统的设计与数值优化

针对某型船用柴油机满足IMO Tier III标准的要求,设计了两型16种SCR反应器,采用数值模拟的方法研究了结构参数对反应器内气体流动的影响。结果表明在30°~45°区间较小的过渡角及较长的过渡段有利于气流的均匀分布;长径比在0.3~3之间变化时,随长径比增加,入口截面的均匀性指数先减小后增加,而中间截面则持续增加后趋于平缓。选取过渡角30°,长径比2.43的圆型SCR反应器研究了喷射参数对于尿素溶液喷射效果的影响,结果表明喷孔与轴线的角度在30°~60°时液滴平均行程随角度的减小而增加,有利于溶液的蒸发,同时喷射点应尽量远离壁面。     

我国造船企业竞争力研究

通过对我国造船业进行三维定位分析,得出影响造船企业竞争力的八大因素,在此基础上建立了造船企业竞争力评价指标体系,并运用层次分析法对各个指标赋予权重。通过对我国20家造船企业的竞争力进行实证分析,详细分析造船企业竞争力现状,并从政府和企业两个层面提出提升我国造船企业整体竞争力的对策。