CRTSⅡ型轨道板拉毛质量控制技术

Ⅱ型轨道板生产中,拉毛质量的好坏直接影响到敷设后与水泥沥青砂浆的黏结力,而拉毛质量又是生产过程较难控制的问题之一。结合工程实践,分析了拉毛工艺中应注意的关键环节,运用聚羧酸复配SM技术拌制轨道板混凝土,成功地解决了这一难题,在保证拉毛质量的同时提高了轨道板的外观质量。     

Nd:YAG激光作用下牙本质脱敏机制的研究

目的利用不同参数Nd:YAG激光照射牙本质过敏样本,观察牙本质小管封闭程度,测量钙磷比值变化,得出Nd:YAG激光治疗牙本质过敏症的最佳参数。方法用酸蚀法建立牙本质敏感模型,用不同参数的Nd:YAG激光照射样本,扫描电镜观察照射前后样本表面牙本质小管封闭程度及微观结构改变,X线能谱分析表面钙磷比值变化。结果 B~D组(30mj,5Hz;30mj,10Hz;50mj,5Hz)3组牙本质小管部分或完全封闭且无裂纹出现,E~F(50mj,10Hz;80mj,5Hz)组牙本质虽完全熔融,但有裂纹出现,G(80mj,10Hz)组牙本质发生碳化;X线能谱分析实验组比对照组钙磷比值降低,差异有统计学意义。结论对于牙本质过敏症的治疗,Nd:YAG激光较为理想的参数为(30mj,10Hz)和(50mj,5Hz)。     

Isocyanic acid and ammonia in vehicle emissions

Vehicles are considered to be an important source of ammonia (NH₃) and isocyanic acid (HNCO). HNCO and NH₃ have been shown to be toxic compounds. Moreover, NH₃ is also a precursor in the formation of atmospheric secondary aerosols. For that reason, real-time vehicular emissions from a series of Euro 5 and Euro 6 light-duty vehicles, including spark ignition (gasoline and flex-fuel), compression ignition (diesel) and a plug-in electric hybrid, were investigated at 23 and −7 °C over the new World harmonized Light-duty vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC) in the Vehicle Emission Laboratory at the European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, Italy. The median HNCO emissions obtained for the studied fleet over the WLTC were 1.4 mg km⁻¹ at 23 °C and 6 mg km⁻¹ at −7 °C. The fleet median NH₃ emission factors were 10 mg km⁻¹ and 21 mg km⁻¹ at 23 and −7 °C, respectively. The obtained results show that even though three-way catalyst (TWC), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), and NOx storage catalyst (NSC) are effective systems to reduce NOx vehicular emissions, they also lead to considerable emissions of the byproducts NH₃ and/or HNCO. It is also shown that diesel light-duty vehicles equipped with SCR can present NH₃ emission factors as high as gasoline light-duty vehicles at both, 23 and −7 °C over the WLTC. Therefore, with the introduction in the market of this DeNOx technology, vehicular NH₃ emissions will increase further.     

负荷突降工况柴油机曲轴应力多柔体动力学分析

通过仿真试验对负荷突降和转速上升2种工况下曲柄销中心和主轴颈中心处的应力情况进行定量分析,并对应力图谱进行分析。利用Pro E软件对柴油机运动部件进行三维建模,并对其进行组装配置。基于有限元软件ANSYS建立曲轴的三维模型,对曲轴的模态进行分析,进而形成曲轴的多体动力学模型。利用ADAMS平台建立柴油机运动模型,通过施加约束、运动和载荷,最终形成柴油机的虚拟样机试验平台,得到相应工况下的应力图谱,并加以分析。     

Mechanical model and characteristics of deep-water drilling riser-wellhead system under internal solitary waves

Internal solitary waves with a huge amount of energy easily trigger the large dynamic responses of riser-wellhead system and threaten its structural safety. However, previous studies have only focused on the dynamic response of the riser under internal solitary waves. The riser may experience excessive traction from the platform, especially from the mooring platform, in response to the arrival of internal solitary waves. The bottom of the riser connects to the wellhead system, which in turn exerts a reaction force on the riser. To address this problem, a coupled dynamic model of deep-water drilling mooring platform-riser-wellhead system under internal solitary waves is developed in this paper. A dynamic response analysis method based on the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method and finite element method is also proposed for the mooring platform-riser-wellhead system. A dynamical solver for the coupled system is then developed using MATLAB. The dynamic response characteristics of the riser-wellhead system under internal solitary waves are calculated. Results show that the displacement and bending moment of the system initially increases and then decreases along with the propagation of internal solitary waves, and finally reach equilibrium position. The displacement and bending moment reach their peak before the trough of internal solitary waves passes through the riser-wellhead system. The dynamic responses of the riser-wellhead system under the influence of internal solitary wave loads are much larger than those without the effect of internal solitary wave loads. The riser system experiences shearing loads at the interface of internal solitary waves, which trigger a step-like bending moment variation. The bending moment of the conductor under the mudline is greatly increased by the internal solitary waves.     

Design and model test of a soft-connected lattice-structured floating solar photovoltaic concept for harsh offshore conditions

Various types of floating solar photovoltaic (FPV) devices have been previously proposed, designed and constructed with applications primarily limited to onshore water bodies or near-shore regions with benign environmental conditions. This paper proposes a novel FPV concept which can survive harsh environmental conditions with extreme wave heights above 10 m. This concept uses standardised lightweight semi-submersible floats made of circular materials as individual modules. The floating modules are soft connected with ropes to form an FPV array. We first present the conceptual design of the floats and the connection systems, including hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, and structural assessments of the floats. To verify the motion response performance, we carried out 1:60 scaled model tests for a 2 by 3 array under regular and irregular wave conditions. From the time series and response spectra, the motion characteristics of the array and the mooring responses are analysed in detail. The proposed concept exhibits excellent performances in terms of modular motions with limited wave overtopping and no contact is observed between adjacent modules under the extreme wave conditions. The findings of this study can serve as a valuable reference to developing reliable and cost-effective FPV technologies for offshore conditions.