非支配排序遗传算法的动压轴承形状多目标优化

为了克服以偏心率为初始参数的轴承优化模型优化结果局限于原始形状的缺点,提出用傅里叶级数表示通用膜厚方程,建立了多目标形状优化设计数学模型.应用基于非支配排序遗传算法,以最小功耗和最小侧漏流速为目标、最小油膜厚度和最小承载力为限制条件,以通用膜厚方程系数为设计变量,进行了轴承形状的多目标优化设计,并用Matlab偏微分方程工具箱求解基于通用膜厚的控制方程.实例分析结果表明:基于通用膜厚方程的多目标优化后的轴承形状不受固有型线的限制;在保证最大承载力的基础上,优化后的非圆轴承与仅以最大承载力为单目标优化的结果相比,最小功耗下降了80.8%,最小侧漏流速比优化前下降了3个数量级,并得出了Pareto最优解集.     

高速铁路CRTSⅡ型轨道板轨道精调测量技术

结合中铁十五局京沪高速铁路CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道精调测量施工经验,从轨道几何形态描述、轨道几何形态参数测量原理和测量要点、精测数据内业分析处理等几个方面对轨道精调测量技术进行分析总结,认为在测量过程中要特别注意以下两点：全站仪设站的位置应靠近线路中线,并且与近处控制点的距离至少大于15m;变更基准轨确定方法。     

密桩桥台桥型分析

对于目前国内高速公路改扩建工程预留构造物的问题进行了分析,并在沈阳绕城高速公路改扩建工程中采用了一种安全可靠、经济合理的新桥型方案。对该桥型的特点及关键部分受力情况进行了分析阐述,介绍了其施工过程,为今后设置类似构造物提供参考。     

Environmental innovation and the role of stakeholder collaboration in West Coast port gateways

The paper explores the role of stakeholder collaboration in the adoption of innovations as part of the environmental and sustainability agenda of port gateways. We do this through a comparative assessment of the port of Vancouver, British Columbia, and the twin ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach, California. An inductive research approach is used to identify and assess the initiation and implementation process behind exemplary innovations. Innovation includes new technologies and processes for handling and moving cargo, mechanisms for planning and policy making, as well as financing, implementing, upgrading, managing and operating infrastructure systems. A relatively new arena for competition on the basis of innovation concerns environmental performance. The conceptual framework and empirical evidence suggest that while there may be intense demand for and supply of innovation in port gateways, the complex dynamics of the logistics chain are such that successful innovation requires conscious involvement and collaboration of stakeholders.     

Assessment of energy-saving techniques in direct-current-electrified mass transit systems

Railway rapid transit systems are key stones for the sustainability of mass transit in developed countries. The overwhelming majority of these railway systems are direct-current (DC) electrified and several energy-saving techniques have been proposed in the literature for these systems. The use of regenerative-braking in trains is generally recognised as the main tool to improve the efficiency of DC-electrified mass transit railway systems but the energy recovered in braking cannot always be handled efficiently, above all in low traffic-density situations. Several emerging technologies as energy storage systems or reversible traction substations have the potential for making it possible to efficiently use train-braking. However, a systematic evaluation of their effect is missing in the literature.In this paper, a deep, rigorous and comprehensive study on the factors which affect energy issues in a DC-electrified mass transit railway system is carried out. This study clarifies what the actual potential is for energy saving in each situation. Then, a methodology to asses several energy-saving techniques to improve energy efficiency in DC-electrified mass transit systems is presented, constituting the main contribution of this paper. This methodology has been conceived to help operators in assessing the effect of railway-infrastructure emerging technologies in transit systems, so making it possible to shape planning, capacity, etc. It is stepped out in three basic movements. First of all, a traffic-density scan analysis is conducted in order to clarify the effect of the headway on system behaviour. Secondly, several traffic-density scenarios are simulated for a set of infrastructure-expanded cases. Finally, annual energy saving is evaluated by applying a realistic operation timetable. This methodology has been applied to a case study in Madrid Metro (Spain) to illustrate the steps of its application and the effect of several energy-saving techniques on this specific system. Results confirm that regenerative braking generally leads to an important increase of system energy efficiency – especially at high traffic-density scenarios. It has also been proved that infrastructure improvements can also contribute to energy savings and their contributions are more significant at low traffic densities. Annual energy results have been obtained, which may lead to investment decisions by carrying out an appropriate economic assessment based on cost analysis.The main results of the study presented here are likely to apply to other electric traction systems, at least qualitatively.     

山区输气管道应力降低方法研究

长输管道途经山区地段,由于管道落差较大,管道受集中应力影响,易发生失效破坏。采用阶梯型的敷管方式,可有效降低管道的应力值。使用CAESAR II软件对山区某低支架敷设的输气管道进行应力分析,得出采用阶梯型敷设的管道平均应力较沿斜坡直接敷设的管道低,且随阶数增多,平均应力有所降低,有效验证了阶梯型的敷管方式使山区大落差管道安全性增高。     

μC/OS-Ⅱ在铁路机务设备数字化改造系统中的应用

分析了铁路机务检修工装设备现状,构建了铁路机务段设备数字化改造系统硬件平台、移植了嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ,并在嵌入式实时操作系统的基础上进行了软件分析设计.最后由网络抓包软件SNIFE进行系统测试.测试结果表明该系统实现了不同层次的铁路机务检修工装设备接入以太网.最后经实验验证,此机务段设备数字化改造平台系统满足了不同层次机务设备接入以太网的需求,且数据采集转换稳定可靠.     

系统最优的动态交通网络流分配模型的研究

智能交通系统是一个复杂的大系统。交通网络配流是智能交通系统的一个关键问题,其中对交通网络配流模型的建立和算法的设计是非常重要的。通过建立系统最优的动态交通网络流分配的最优控制模型,并经过一系列的积分变换转化为一种简单而特殊的非线性规划问题。文中只是局限于对最优控制模型进行化简,目的是为了进一步研究已简化模型的有关性质和算法的设计。     

CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道砂浆充填层施工关键工艺

CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道是杭甬铁路客运专线的主要轨道结构型式,水泥乳化沥青砂浆充填层是其重要组成部分,直接影响轨道结构的耐久性、安全性和运营成本。水泥乳化沥青砂浆具有组成复杂、敏感性高、施工工艺复杂等特点。经过多条高速铁路客运专线的建设,我国已基本形成了CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道砂浆充填层的成套施工技术,并编制了相应作业指导书。但工程实践表明,砂浆充填层的施工质量仍是无砟轨道质量控制的难点和关键点。以杭甬客专无砟轨道水泥乳化沥青砂浆充填层施工为例,分析和总结影响砂浆充填层施工质量的关键点,为完善我国CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道砂浆充填层的施工工艺、提高充填层施工质量提供参考。     

城轨车辆辅助逆变器设计选型与发展趋势

城轨车辆采用静止辅助逆变器作为逆变电源。文章简要介绍了常见的几种辅助逆变器的拓扑结构,比较了它们的优缺点,重点介绍了高频隔离变压器方案,并对未来辅助逆变器的发展趋势作出展望。