Severity of injury resulting from pedestrian–vehicle crashes: What can we learn from examining the built environment?

This paper examines the impact of personal and environmental characteristics on severity of injuries sustained in pedestrian–vehicle crashes using a generalized ordered probit model. The data covers 2000–2004 of pedestrian–vehicle crashes taken from police incident reports for Baltimore City and supplemented with local land use, urban form and transportation information specific to the individual crash locations. The results on personal and behavioral variables confirm previous findings. Women pedestrians involved in crashes tend to be injured less frequently than their male counterparts; children have an increased likelihood of sustaining injuries and older persons are more likely to be fatally injured. Pedestrians who cross against the traffic signal, are not in a crosswalk and are involved in a crash after dark are associated with greater injury risk. Of the built environment policy variables of interest, transit access and greater pedestrian connectivity, such as central city areas, are significant and negatively associated with injury severity. These results suggest that the environmental conditions should be given more scrutiny and be an important consideration when evaluating and planning for pedestrian safety.     

沥青混合料抗剪切验算方法

文章借鉴城市道路的抗剪验算方法和步骤,提出了适用于沥青混合料的抗剪验算方法,并采用沥青路面应力计算BISAR程序与三轴试验进行实例分析,验算了该方法的可行性。     

静态爆破法在深圳地铁施工中的应用

静态爆破是近年来发展起来的一种新型爆破施工技术,它可在无震动、无飞石,无噪音、无污染的条件下破碎或切割岩石或混凝土构筑物。深圳地铁2号线东延线土建工程安托山站—侨香站区间矿山法施工竖井系选用此工法在2 500 mm×3 000 mm雨水箱涵附近成功地进行了中、微风化花岗岩开挖施工,确保了雨水箱涵的安全性。     

旧水泥混凝土路面冲击碾压技术初探

文章结合G206国道宿州至怀远段旧水泥混凝土路面改造施工实例,介绍了冲击碾压施工的原理、特点、质量控制措施及安全文明施工注意事项,并分析了冲击碾压施工中存在的问题与对策,为类似工程的改造施工提供参考。     

Ecologically based hybrid life cycle analysis of continuously reinforced concrete and hot-mix asphalt pavements

An ecologically-based hybrid life cycle assessment model is used to evaluate the resource consumption and atmospheric emissions of continuously reinforced concrete and a hot-mix asphalt pavements. The cumulative mass and ecological resource consumption values are lower for continuously reinforced concrete, but the median values of cumulative energy and industrial energy consumption were lower for hot-mix asphalt. In addition, the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement results in a higher sensitivity for the ecological resource consumption of hot-mix asphalt compared to that of fly ash when use on the natural capital utilization of continuously reinforced concrete pavement. The cumulative and industrial exergy consumption values are significantly reduced with increases in reclaimed asphalt pavement and fly ash, and the use of low fuel transportation modes.     

Mechanism of Tunnel Water Inflow Caused by Bending Failure of a Waterproof Dike Based on a Circular Thin Plate Mechanical Model北大核心CSCD

Water bursts during tunnel construction endanger construction, and it is therefore necessary to reserve a waterproof dike with the required thickness to avoid water bursts and to take reinforcement of the dike and treatment of the structure liable to trigger a water burst. Using the water burst at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel of the Shanghai-Chengdu expressway as an example, and considering the type of tunnel section and the upright mudstone of the dike, the waterproof dike at the work face is simplified as a round thin plate. A formula for the calculation of a minimum safety thickness for the critical waterproof dike is deduced by analyzing the force applied on the water-proof dike, and the minimum safety thickness for the water burst section at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel is cal-culated. The numerical simulation analysis demonstrates the critical thickness of waterproof dike at K5+398 of the Mingyueshan tunnel is 1.4-1.55 m, and the calculated water inflow and water burst basically agree with the actual condition. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

乘用车车身水管理设计综述

为提升乘用车车身的防水能力,探讨了车身湿区的水管理方法和阻止车外的水进入车身干区的水管理方法.首先明确了车身湿区、干区的定义和车身湿区、干区的分界面,然后阐述了车身外部的导水、排水设计,后续章节重点分析了外界的水进入车身内部的各类途径,和各类进水途径的封堵方法,最后总结出与防水相关的试验是判定车身密封性能高低的依据.综...     

新型沥青添加剂TPS的性能

为了了解新型添加剂TPS的路用性能,进行了不同TPS掺量的沥青胶结料的针入度试验、软化点试验、稠度试验、延度及测力延度试验、弹性恢复试验及弯曲蠕变试验、直接拉伸试验,对加入TPS添加剂后的沥青混合料,进行了车辙试验、弯曲破坏试验、疲劳试验和冻融劈裂试验,并与SBS改性沥青混合料的部分试验结果进行了对比。结果表明添加TPS后,沥青胶结料的感温性、高温性与低温性及沥青混合料的高温稳定性、低温抗裂性、抗疲劳性和水稳定性都得到了较大程度的提高,添加TPS沥青混凝土具有良好的路用性能。     

现有高等级公路改成飞机跑道的承载力分析

战时当军、民用机场遭到破坏,恢复和新建机场困难很大,将现有高等级公路直线段应急改成飞机跑道成为恢复空运保障能力最有效的途径之一。为了研究现有高等级公路起降飞机时的承载能力,首先分析了飞机荷载的作用模式;其次在考虑道面材料特性及飞机荷载特性对道面应力影响的基础上,提出合理的三维有限元结构分析模型,并利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对兼有垂直力和水平力的飞机荷载作用下的道面结构层进行了应力分析,据此得到了高等级公路的承载力,可作为今后高等级公路直线段应急改成飞机跑道的设计计算参考。     

沥青路面力学响应的季节性变化研究

为使对路面结构的分析和设计更加符合实际情况,需要考虑季节性的变化．针对某一柔性基层沥青路面结构进行分析,通过室内试验确定了各层沥青混合料的动态模量主曲线和时间温度换算因子,并确定了路面结构内温度场和动态模量的分布和变化,进而计算了路面结构关键响应随时间的变化情况．分析了路表弯沉、沥青层底拉应变和土基顶面压应变季节性波动情况,并在满足工程精度要求下,确定了响应的关键位置.