天津轻轨滨海线列车自动运行定点停车的可靠性试验及分析

对天津轻轨滨海线列车自动运行定点停车调试的过程及出现停车不准问题的原因进行了客观的分析。通过由用户、监理、制造厂商多方共同参加的联合试验,找出了定点停车不准的主要原因是速度检测不准和列车自动运行系统的设计余量不足,并提出了整改建议。     

Development of efficient stop planning optimization process for high‐speed rail systems

The Taiwan High Speed Rail (THSR) has recently added three additional stations to its original network. Although the three additional stations can improve accessibility to the system, these new stations can present difficulties in the transportation planning process, particularly for planning of train stops. The additional stations may benefit some passengers, but may also lengthen the travel time for the other passengers. Therefore, the main challenge faced by THSR is finding an efficient way to design appropriate stopping patterns. Past studies on stop planning usually adopted meta‐heuristics or decomposition methods to solve this complex problem. Although these solution techniques can improve solution efficiency, none of them can guarantee the optimality of the solution and capture the transfer movement of different stopping patterns. In this research, we proposed an innovative network structure to address complex stop planning problems for high‐speed rail systems. Given its special network structure, two binary integer programming models were developed to simultaneously form and determine the optimal stopping patterns for real‐world THSR stop planning problems. An optimization process was also developed to accurately estimate the station transfer time corresponding to the variation in stopping patterns and passenger flow. Results of the case studies suggest that the proposed binary integer programming models exhibit superior solution quality and efficiency over existing exact optimization models. Consequently, using this stop planning optimization process can help high‐speed rail system planners in designing optimal stopping patterns that correspond to passenger demand. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

多跨线桥路段立体式BRT中间站设计的必要性研究

本文通过对最优站址选择理论的研究结合我国多跨线桥路段道路实际情况,从运营和交通组织角度论证了在此路段设置立体式BRT中间站的必要性和可行性,并给出了初步的系统结构框架。     

智能交通技术提升快速公交系统性能的研究

智能交通（ITS）技术是快速公交系统（BRT）组成的五大要素之一。本文首先分析BRT和ITS之间的关系。为不同阶层的BRT系统配置合适的ITS技术,并提出一个四阶层BRT系统ITS技术配置框架,最后以北京南中轴路快速公交系统为例来分析其ITS技术配置的合理性。     

城市快速公交(BRT)专用道客运能力探讨

从分析车辆的制动过程出发,推导出在保证公交车辆安全和满足乘客基本舒适条件下公交车辆最小车头时距的计算方法,在此基础上对理想道路交通条件下(即不考虑停靠站等因素的影响)快速公交系统专用道的理论客运能力进行了研究.通过分析停靠站停靠能力的影响因素,探讨了在考虑停靠站影响条件下BRT实际客运能力的计算方法,并给出了不同车辆配置、不同停靠滞留时间和不同停靠泊位数所对应的BRT实际客运能力值.     

金华市中心城区快速公交专线设计

快速公交系统（BusRapidTransit,简称BRT）是目前世界上成功推广的一种新型公共交通系统,是一种介于轨道交通和常规公交之间的交通方式。根据BRT设计标准的要求对金华市中心城区进行调查问卷、流量采集,对金华市现有车流量状况进行分析,完成线路的初步设计。在对公交车的选取、车站的设计进行综合分析后,完成大容量快速公共系统的系统设计,旨在缓解金华市交通拥挤的状况。     

BRT and BHLS around the world: Explosive growth,large positive impacts and many issues outstanding

A survey of Bus Rapid Transit BRT and Bus of High Level of Service BHLS around the world indicates that there are about 120 cities with bus corridors, with 99 of the cities entering into the list in the last 12 years. The existing bus corridors comprise about 280 corridors, 4300 km, 6700 stations and use 30,000 buses, serving about 28 million passengers per day. In 2010–2011, 19 cities completed new systems − 16 in the developing world – and seven cities expanded their current systems. By late 2011, about 49 new cities were building systems, 16 cities were expanding their corridors, and 31 cities were in initial planning. This impressive growth may be attributed in part to the successes of Curitiba, Bogotá, México City, Istanbul, Ahmedabad and Guangzhou. These cities show low cost, rapid implementation and high performance BRTs, with significant positive externalities. Interesting trends are emerging, such as the implementation of citywide integrated bus systems, improved processes for private participation in operations, increased funding from national governments, and growth of bus manufacturers and technology providers. Despite the growth, there are some outstanding issues: BRT and BHLS do not have a single meaning and image and are often regarded as a “second best” as compared to rail alternatives. In addition several systems in the developing world suffer problems resulting from poor planning, implementation and operation, due to financial, institutional and regulatory constraints. The BRT and BHLS Industry are in their “infancy” and there is need for consolidation and concerted effort.     

TransMilenio BRT system in Bogota,high performance and positive impact – Main results of an ex-post evaluation

The paper presents the main characteristics, costs and impacts of TransMilenio, the bus based mass transit system of Bogotá, using BRT corridors and feeder services. An ex-post cost-benefit analysis is done, including monetary valuation of direct impacts on travel time and travel cost and externalities, such as improved road safety and air quality. Impacts on crime, land values, employment and tax revenue are also presented. The results are positive and robust; nevertheless, it is important to recognize that user perception has declined and there is urgent need to introduce service improvements. The paper also includes an ex-ante evaluation of the projected expansion using current costs, which indicates the need to limit construction capital costs. The results are an indication of the potential of BRT, and the evaluation methodology is applicable to other transit projects.     

A first glimpse on policy packaging for implementation of BRT projects

Policy packaging (i.e. the combination of individual policies and measures in order to achieve a certain goal) is a common practice in urban mobility management used to create synergies between single policies or to mitigate negative effects of a given policy.     

A study of motorcyclist's idling stop behavior at red lights

Abstract

Motorcycle activity in Asian economies is a significant contributor to carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, both when moving and when idling at traffic lights. This paper investigates Taiwanese motorcyclists’ behavior of turning off the idling engine while stopping at traffic lights based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), which recognizes that the achievement of voluntary change behavior can be identified by knowing an individual's attitudes (or behavioral intentions [BIs]) in the context of social norms (SN). A structural equation model system is used to identify candidate causal links between attitudes, SN, BI and behavior related to the idling stop behavior of motorcyclists. A partial least squares (PLS) model is built to correct the covariance matrix, given the relatively small sample size. Results suggest that attitudes, SN and perceived behavioral control, are significant determinants of idling stop BI at red lights.