The influence of employer ridesharing programs on employee mode choice

Employer ridesharing programs and employee mode choice were analyzed using Southern California data. Problems in estimating the costs and benefits of employer ridesharing programs were identified. Surveyed firms used a wide variety of information to estimate employee mode split internally. Virtually all surveyed firms offered free or subsidized parking to some or all of their employees. Few responding firms estimated the cost of providing employee parking accurately, if at all. Despite these significant data limitations, factors influencing firm choice of employer ridesharing program components were identified. The influence of employer ridesharing programs on employee mode choice was modeled using weighted least squares logit regression analysis. Firm size was foung to be the single most important variable identified in the analysis. Larger firms were more likely to offer ridesharing incentives to their empolyees, and to report direct employer benefits from ridesharing. Alternative work hours hindered the formation of ridesharing arrangements in some cases. Relatively few firms promoted ridesharing on a purely voluntary basis. A private market for employer ridesharing services was found to exist, however. Personalized matching assistance may be a critical factor in developing more effective employer ridesharing programs. Parking pricing and supply control measures probably would have a larger impact on employee mode split overall. Parking management faces severe obstacles in implementation, some of which might be overcome through the more extensive provision of ridesharing services, such as personalized matching assistance. to employees at specific employment sites by their employers.     

浅析无人驾驶系统

简要介绍城市轨道交通中的自劝驾驶系统，包括有人监督自动驾驶和无人驾驶系统，并重点分析了无人驾驶系统的特点和运营模式。     

现代港口建筑创作探索--港区办公楼设计

结合港区综合办公楼等创作体验，对于现代港口建筑一港区办公楼创作的各个层面进行了重新定位，并从空间模式、人流交通组织、形象塑造等方面，探讨了现代港区办公楼建筑的创作理念，提出了相应的设计策略。     

基于模态分析的Push-over方法在桥梁抗震分析中的应用

采用非线性时程分析是计算结构地震响应较为严格的分析方法,但它存在工作量大、计算复杂等问题。目前土木工程中常采用非线性的静力分析(Push-over分析)来评价在地震作用下结构的抗震性能。均匀分布、倒三角形分布的侧向荷载分布模式,适用于刚度大或第一阶振型为主的结构,为了考虑高阶振型的影响,本文提出了基于模态分析的Push-over方法,并将其应用到桥梁抗震分析中。这种方法需要分析结构的动力特性,尤其是振型贡献率。选出振型贡献率比较高的振型,并以此为基础,依据“侧向荷载分布模式与地震时结构惯性力的分布情况应尽量保持一致”的原则,参考《公路工程抗震设计规范》(JTJ 004—89)可得到对应各振型的侧向荷载,在对主要振型进行组合后,即可获得进行Push-over分析的侧向荷载分布模式。本文采用基于模态分析的Push-over方法对一实桥进行抗震性能分析,结果表明选取主要振型参与计算与采用全部振型计算的结果基本吻合,不仅考虑了高阶振型的影响,又消除了其他次要振型的干扰,因此这种方法应用于桥梁抗震性能评价是可行的。     

基于行波理论的10kV自闭/贯通线路故障测距技术

由于线路长、环境恶劣,10 kV自闭/贯通线路故障频繁发生,传统阻抗测距原理和基于线路监控终端的定位方法尚不能可靠、准确的确定故障(特别是小电流接地故障)位置,故障查找费时费力。利用故障产生的行波信号测量故障距离的方法已在输电线路获得成功应用。本文将行波测距原理应用到自闭/贯通线路,分析了自闭/贯通线路在接地及短路故障时产生的行波及其传输特征,并针对其线路结构的特殊性,提出了利用故障产生的电压行波信号线模分量、基于双端原理测量短路和接地等故障距离的模式,分析了实际应用中面临的行波信号获取等关键技术及故障初始相角、接地电阻、混合线路等对检测可靠性的影响。应用该方法的测距系统已在现场进行人工接地试验,并投入试运行,效果良好。该方法有望解决自闭/贯通线路故障定位这一难题。     

Determinants of modal choice in freight transport

In the next few years, exciting developments in the field of freight transport are likely to occur. The Channel Tunnel will be perceived as giving railways much greater distance of operation, compared to the current train ferry to/from Great Britain. The further development of swap-body technology will allow easier modal transfer and the creation, in 1992, of a single market in Europe will transform the pattern of trade. All of these are likely to have significant impacts on modal choice, and hence modal split, in freight transport. Reappraisal by many firms of the modes of transport used is likely but will it result in a net transfer of freight from road to rail and, if so, to what extent? To answer such questions, an accurate and reliable method of predicting modal split is required. Research in the past has concentrated on the development of modal split models based on generalised costs. These fail to explain adequately the prevalence of road freight in the UK. From surveys of freight managers within industry, it is clear that models to date rely too heavily on the economic cost factor and too little on behavioural factors (Jeffs 1985). This paper derives from a recent study of freight transport modal choice from the standpoint of the transport decision-maker within the firm. It attempts to shed light on the actual parameters which should be incorporated into a modal split model. Many variables appear to exert an influence on modal choice decision-making process. However, it is possible to categorise them into six main groups, namely: customer-requirements; product-characteristics; company structure/organisation; government interventions; available transport facilities; and perceptions of the decision-maker him/herself. It is the interactions and inter-relationships between these which ultimately determine freight modal split. This study has shown that the relationship between the outcome of the transport decision process and the values of particular determinants of modal split is not straight-forward, due to the complexity and variety of interactions involved. Perhaps one of the main reasons for researchers' failure hitherto to develop a successful modal-split model has been the preoccupation with techniques that rely on the development of common metric (e.g. generalised cost), which has led to the exclusion of some important explanatory variables along quite different dimensions. Another important issue concerns the appropriate level of aggregation. In order not to reduce the explanatory power of the key variables, it is important to work at a disaggregate level, although this does make substantial demands on data. The use of factor analysis enables both the aggregation of information without loss of behavioural reality and the specification of variables in terms of a common metric. In conclusion, freight transport has usually been examined within too narrow a framework. It must be placed firmly within the context of the total industrial process. The demand for freight transport is directly influenced by the level, composition and geographical distribution of production and consumption activities. Freight flows are complex and so it is highly unlikely that a universal mode-choice model can ever be developed. Future research should, therefore, be directed towards developing partial models in response to specific needs of those involved in decision-taking in the freight sector.     

论三与四显示自动闭塞制式的选择

本文论述了在列车运行最高速度120km/h 的线路上,采用三或四显示自动闭塞制式的条件, 提出了应该优先考虑四显示自动闭塞制式的论点。     

Bragg光栅辅助非对称双芯光纤耦合器的研究

利用耦合模理论,推导出了其中一个纤芯写有Bragg光栅的双芯光纤耦合器的完整的耦合模方程。并通过打靶法和Broyden叠代数值解此耦合模微分方程组,分析了在不同失配条件下,双芯光纤耦合器各个端口的输出特性。得到了双芯光纤最佳的失配条件,在此条件下,光栅谐振波长处信号具有优异的反射特性,其他波长的信号则基本不发生耦合,接近无损地通过,此种耦合器具有非常小的插入损耗,是WDM系统中分插复用器的极佳选择。     

隧道内接触网悬挂固定方式研究

研究目的:隧道内接触网悬挂固定方式从高铁建设开始就一直存在争论,分析明确两种固定方式的各种性能,合理选用悬挂固定方式是高速铁路接触网设计的关键。研究结论:本文通过对预埋滑槽和后置锚栓两种接触悬挂固定方式的受力情况、零件性能、对隧道的影响、工程造价、施工方式、运营维护等多个方面的对比分析,得出:(1)预埋滑槽具有受力均匀、后期施工方便、接地可靠等优点,但工程造价高,且站前施工单位预留精度较差;(2)化学锚栓需要单独增加接地端子、调整余量小,但不受模板限制、定位灵活、施工精度可控和工程造价低;(3)结合国内的施工建设情况,建议优先采用后置锚栓的悬挂固定方式。     

基于无线通信的列车控制系统下后备模式的选择与应用

后备模式是城市轨道交通信号系统在设备故障时降级运行、保持一定运营秩序的一种手段,是保证故障列车安全退出运营的一种设备技术保障。介绍了基于无线通信的列车控制系统下不同制式的后备模式的构成、特点,阐述了后备模式的作用,并从系统设计和标准适用的角度,提出了选用后备模式的关键条件及应用效果。