工程量清单计价招标工作探讨

2003年7月1日国家标准《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》在全国范围内实行,“规范”规定国有资金和以国有资金为主投资的大、中型建设工程必须实行工程量清单计价。这种计价模式,引入充分竞争价格机制,在保证质量、工期的前提下,按《招投标法》的规定,实行以“不低于成本”的合理     

The Effects of Boating Safety Regulations

This article investigates the effects of boater education programs and an increase in the number of water patrol officers on the prevention of recreational boating accidents. The empirical study, which estimates a reduced-form model similar to those used in the automobile safety literature, analyzes data on boating accidents that occurred in 1994 from 49 states and the District of Columbia. Model simulations, based on empirical estimates from Poisson and negative binomial models, suggest that a uniform law-enforcement policy of one-and-a-half water patrol officers per 1,000 boaters would prevent between 2,229 (negative binomial) and 2,318 (Poisson) accidents in 44 states.     

柯西型积分和平面上边值问题

综述平面各种边值问题的发展状况：以Cauchy型主值奇异积分为主线,用Plemelj公式求解基本的依跳跃问题,然后从齐次Riemann边值问题的解公式和典则函数得到非齐次Riemann边值问题的解;将Hilbert边值问题化为Riemann边值问题求解.进一步对周期、双周期、群不变的边值、带位移边值及它们相互之间的复合等各种问题,提供转化为典型问题的进展和文献.     

Multi-agent simulation of individual mobility behavior in carpooling

Carpooling is an emerging alternative transportation mode that is eco-friendly and sustainable as it enables commuters to save time, travel resource, reduce emission and traffic congestion. The procedure of carpooling consists of a number of steps namely; (i) create a motive to carpool, (ii) communicate this motive with other agents, (iii) negotiate a plan with the interested agents, (iv) execute the agreed plans, and (v) provide a feedback to all concerned agents. In this paper, we present a conceptual design of an agent-based model (ABM) for the carpooling a that serves as a proof of concept. Our model for the carpooling application is a computational model that is used for simulating the interactions of autonomous agents and to analyze the effects of change in factors related to the infrastructure, behavior and cost. In our carpooling application, we use agent profiles and social networks to initiate our agent communication model and then employ a route matching algorithm, and a utility function to trigger the negotiation process between agents. We developed a prototype of our agent-based carpooling application based on the work presented in this paper and carried out a validation study of our results with real data collected in Flanders, Belgium.     

Design and development of a hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm for the environmental vehicle routing problem

The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is a critical and vital problem in logistics for the design of an effective and efficient transportation network, within which the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) has been widely studied for several decades due to the practical relevance of logistics operation. However, CVRP with the objectives of minimizing the overall traveling distance or the traveling time cannot meet the latest requirements of green logistics, which concern more about the influence on the environment. This paper studies CVRP from an environmental perspective and introduces a new model called environmental vehicle routing problem (EVRP) with the aim of reducing the adverse effect on the environment caused by the routing of vehicles. In this research, the environmental influence is measured through the amount of the emission carbon dioxide, which is a widely acknowledged criteria and accounts for the major influence on environment. A hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) is designed to solve the EVRP model, and the performance of the hybrid algorithm is evaluated through comparing with well-known CVRP instances. The computational results from numerical experiments suggest that the hybrid ABC algorithm outperforms the original ABC algorithm by 5% on average. The transformation from CVRP to EVRP can be recognized through the differentiation of their corresponding optimal solutions, which provides practical insights for operation management in green logistics.     

工程合同分析的要点和方法

从合同的效力、合同内容完备等方面分析签订工程合同时应注意的地方,加强对合同的法律效力、合同内容是否完整的审查,通过对合同的规范、调整,对合同当事人的保护和制约,可以维持项目建设各方的良好合作关系,保护各方的合法权益,也可以发现工程合同中潜在的问题和风险,尽可能地减少和避免在履行合同过程中产生不必要的分歧和争议,提高合同履约率,即使发生了违约或者有争议的情况,也可以比较顺利地解决问题,减少发包方或承包方的经济损失。     

Scattering of surface water waves involving semi-infinite floating elastic plates on water of finite depth

Two problems of scattering of surface water waves involving a semi-infinite elastic plate and a pair of semi-infinite elastic plates,separated by a gap of finite width,floating horizontally on water of finite depth,are investigated in the present work for a two-dimensional time-harmonic case.Within the frame of linear water wave theory,the solutions of the two boundary value problems under consideration have been represented in the forms of eigenfunction expansions.Approximate values of the reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained by solving an over-determined system of linear algebraic equations in each problem.In both the problems,the method of least squares as well as the singular value decomposition have been employed and tables of numerical values of the reflection and transmission coefficients are presented for specific choices of the parameters for modelling the elastic plates.Our main aim is to check the energy balance relation in each problem which plays a very important role in the present approach of solutions of mixed boundary value problems involving Laplace equations.The main advantage of the present approach of solutions is that the results for the values of reflection and transmission coefficients obtained by using both the methods are found to satisfy the energy-balance relations associated with the respective scattering problems under consideration.The absolute values of the reflection and transmission coefficients are presented graphically against different values of the wave numbers.     

Optimization of a feeder-bus route design by using a multiobjective programming approach

This paper presents a feeder-bus route design model, capable of minimizing route length, minimizing maximum route travel time of planned routes, and maximizing service coverage for trip generation. The proposed model considers constraints of route connectivity, subtour prevention, travel time upper bound of a route, relationships between route layout and service coverage, and value ranges of decision variables. Parameter uncertainties are dealt with using fuzzy numbers, and the model is developed as a multiobjective programming problem. A case study of a metro station in Taichung City, Taiwan is then conducted. Next, the programming problem in the case study is solved, based on the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution approach to obtain the compromise route design. Results of the case study confirm that the routes of the proposed model perform better than existing routes in terms of network length and service coverage. Additionally, increasing the number of feeder-bus routes decreases maximum route travel time, increases service coverage, and increases network length. To our knowledge, the proposed model is the first bus route design model in the literature to consider simultaneously various stakeholder needs and support for bus route planners in developing alternatives for further evaluation efficiently and systematically.     

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区域公交调度是未来城市公共交通的发展趋势,主要解决如何合理统一安排最初分布于不同车场的车辆完成所有线路固定时刻表对应班次任务,从而减少车队规模和降低营运成本.考虑现实中许多突发事件干扰车辆按时完成班次,借助双层规划模型,本文探讨区域公交车辆调度和购车计划之间的有机联系,在满足多车型、车场容量限制、燃料限制等现实因素基础上,设计求解上下层模型的遗传算法,引入满意解的概念,将下层规划产生的一组满意解供上层规划比选,进而生成最佳公交车调度方案,以及与之对应的购车计划.最后给出了一个实例,验证模型和算法的正确性和有效性.     

多约束条件下城市道路环卫车优化配置与路径规划

为有效解决当前城市环卫车调度决策过度依赖人工主观经验造成的车辆配置不合理和作业效率低下问题,本文提出一种多约束条件下的城市道路环卫车优化配置与路径规划方法。通过综合考虑环卫车在现实作业中的作业时限、服务次数、行驶速度和车辆退出节点等多种约束条件,将物理道路网络拓展为时空网络,刻画车辆在路网上的时空运行轨迹,进而将环卫车优化配置与路径规划问题从数学上描述为带多类约束条件的弧路径问题(Arc Routing Problem, ARP)。 在此基础上,构建以车辆配置与出行总成本最小化为目标函数的环卫车优化配置与路径规划模型,并通过设计分支定价算法精确求解模型。将所提方法应用于苏州工业园区19个区域路网的环卫车辆配置与调度管理,从经济成本、作业效率和环保效益这3方面评估所提方法的可行性和有效性。结果表明：本文所提方法能够显著节约环卫运营成本,提升环卫车辆作业效率;同时,可有效降低环卫车辆碳排放量,形成良好的经济和社会效益,为智慧环卫提供了行之有效的新方案。