时速160 km城市轨道交通双块式轨枕设计

为研究城市轨道交通有挡肩双块轨道结构的稳定性,依托国内首条时速160 km城市轨道交通线路-北京轨道交通新机场线,对有挡肩双块式轨枕进行尺寸设计及配筋设计:(1)结合线路特点,对有挡肩双块式轨枕承轨台抗压能力及挡肩抗剪能力进行检算;(2)为计算桁架钢筋受力情况,通过有限元模型计算起吊、堆载、施工上人3种工况下双块式轨枕的受力情况。计算结果表明,起吊及施工上人荷载对双块式轨枕的受力性能影响不大;堆载对其受力性能有较大的影响,双块式轨枕的堆放层数不应大于6层。     

北京新机场线高架地段双块式无砟轨道结构设计

北京新机场线是我国首条最高速度达160 km/h的地铁线,轨道结构采用双块式无砟轨道,高架地段首次采用取消底座结构设计,为了保证轨道结构的安全可靠,有必要对无砟轨道道床结构进行结构选型及配筋设计。通过建立高架地段无砟轨道结构的有限元模型,对道床板板长、板宽、板厚进行了选型分析。针对无砟轨道无底座设计方案,考虑了列车荷载、温度梯度、桥梁挠曲3种主要荷载类型,提出了荷载组合方案,研究其关键控制因素,对道床板进行了配筋设计及检算。通过参数比选,完成了道床板的尺寸参数选择;在3种荷载类型中,温度梯度在道床板中引起的弯矩值最大,在设计荷载中占据主导因素,合理减小道床截面高度可有效降低温度梯度作用;道床板配筋应以控制裂缝为原则进行设计。     

北京市和台北都会区交通比较分析

通过相关文献、数据、实地考察及访谈曾来往北京和台北两地的市民,对北京和台北的交通情况进行分析比较.主要分成4个部分来比较:城市与人口现状、轨道交通历年发展、公交系统历年发展及道路交通的发展现状.两城市同样面临私家车迅速增长及道路饱和拥堵的情形,因而相继在公共交通中投入建设,现有的公共交通已有能力分担至少35％的市民日出行量,预计在2015年,2城市的公共交通路网更为密集,将能有效分担50％以上的出行.     

北京市轨道交通车站客流时空分布特征

轨道交通线网客流特征实质上是车站客流时空分布叠加及交换的效果体现,通过分析车站客流的波动性,发现北京轨道交通系统在不同时间维度和区域范围均呈现出明显的不均衡特征。针对车站特点进行聚类分析,归纳出周边不同用地类型的车站客流时空分布差异性特征规律,并进一步分析了进站客流和换乘站客流特征以及进出站客流接驳特征。在此基础上,对北京市轨道交通发展提出应建立多层次的轨道交通系统和多样化的轨道交通运营组织方式;重视换乘站在网络中的合理布局,改进换乘站设计与运行组织;结合车站区位特征制定差异化接驳服务等建议。     

The capitalization of subway access in home value: A repeat-rentals model with supply constraints in Beijing

Urban rail transit enhances accessibility of the communities it serves and often contributes to the value of local real properties. A small number of studies have gone beyond the traditional cross-sectional hedonic analysis to use repeat-sales data in the US for more robust estimation of rail transit’s impact on property value. While the empirical literature generally supports the positive capitalization of rail transit in home value, it has produced widely varied estimates and failed to incorporate the theoretical insight that more elastic housing supply would reduce the extent of local amenities’ capitalization in home value. Observing Beijing’s rapid expansion of subway lines during the late 2000s, this study uses repeat rental transactions from 2005 to 2011 to investigate how home value reacts to the change in the home’s distance to nearest subway station. Repeat-rentals estimates suggest a rent-distance elasticity of −0.02, 70% below the cross-sectional hedonic estimate. Moreover, using the unique history of state-owned enterprise relocations as instrument for intra-city variation in land supply, we find that the capitalization of subway proximity in home value is weaker where land supply is more elastic. Our findings support the significant bias caused by omitted variables in the hedonic estimates and confirm housing supply’s role in explaining the intra-city spatial variation in estimates.     

How does air pollution influence cycling behaviour? Evidence from Beijing

It is widely believed air pollution is an obstacle to cycling as it has negative effects on cyclists’ health outcomes and deteriorates their cycling experiences. However, the empirical studies investigating the impact of air pollution on cycling behaviour remains scarce. The aim of this paper is to fill the gap by looking at Beijing as a case study. The authors conducted a survey of 307 cyclists on the days with different levels of air quality in terms of concentration of PM_2.5 in 2015. The results show that in the polluted weather, those who persist in cycling are more likely to be male, over 30 years old, lower income or those who travel short distances. Specifically, female cyclists have a higher tendency to shift from cycling to public transit than the males and medium and high-income earners are more likely to shift to using a car than low income earners. The residents’ subjective perceptions of safety and comfort have major effects on their cycling behaviour. A higher perception of comfort and safety is related to a higher possibility of continuing cycling when air quality became polluted. Cycling for commuting trips is less likely to be replaced by other modes than cycling for non-commuting trips, such as shopping. Results of this study reveal that improving air quality in a metropolitan area such as Beijing has co-benefits of cycling renaissance. The huge investments into cycling infrastructure should be integrated with policies designed to create an attractive environment for cycling.     

地铁车站出入口设施优化设置研究

闸机检票效率影响地铁车站的整体通行能力,且作用于乘客等待时间来影响社会效益。为此,从系统优化的角度出发,以稳态条件下单位时间总费用为目标函数,通过研究北京西直门地铁枢纽A口客流出入站的过程,分析影响闸机设置的因素,以客流需求、空间限制、成本投入、疏散要求等为约束条件,采用线性规划的方法,对闸机设置进行优化研究,分别确定普通闸机与加宽闸机的个数。根据优化结果,为科学组织高峰小时客流出入车站提供基础数据和重要参考,检验实设闸机的合理程度。     

城市轨道交通线网指挥中心供电系统

结合北京轨道交通线网指挥中心的工程情况,从用电负荷分析入手,对线网指挥中心的电源引入、应急电源设置等进行讨论,提出不同供电条件时的主接线方案.     

北京新机场线服务标准研究

北京新机场线是连接首都第二国际机场与中心城的轨道交通专线,其服务对象、功能需求、运营目标与普通地铁线路差异巨大。基于对公交系统运营要素的认识,站在城市轨道交通运营设计的角度,以落实运营需求及标准为目标,对新机场线应具备的服务标准予以探讨,重点落实速度标准、舒适度标准以及发车间隔、可靠性等指标分析。     

基于多源数据的北京轨道交通客流特征分析

为提高城市轨道交通成网条件下客流预测与运营管理水平,有必要对轨道交通客流特征进行研究。结合实地调研数据,利用海量的市政交通"一卡通"(IC卡)数据和移动通信定位数据对北京市轨道交通乘客属性特征、时空特征、接驳特征、票价调整影响特征等进行分析,最后对客流需求高增长的北京轨道交通客流特征进行总结。结果表明:北京轨道交通工作日主要服务于中低收入的中青年通勤族,77.25%的乘客轨道交通出行时间在10~60 min之间;轨道交通线路高峰客流有明显的潮汐现象,受职住分离现象的影响,客流空间分布的不均衡性突出;现阶段轨道交通网络发展较为成熟,但仍有部分区域对轨道交通的需求较大;轨道交通站点接驳设施的便利性和完善性程度影响乘客对轨道站点交通方式的选择;在可接受范围内,票价调整对客流的影响在短期内较明显,经过渡期后客流量呈增加趋势。