基于双层规划的竞争性选址问题研究

以往对竞争性选址问题的研究,都是从服务提供者的角度考虑问题,寻求市场份额最大化或成本最小化的选址方案.实际中,竞争性选址方案的确定应该是服务提供者与服务需求者上下两层关系互动的过程,并且仅仅考虑市场份额最大化或成本最小化是不够的,企业往往更关心的是利润.针对寡头垄断市场配送中心的选址问题,建立基于双层规划的竞争性选址模型,考虑属于不同企业的配送中心对于配送服务需求者的竞争问题,上层目标函数追求配送中心的利润最大化,下层目标函数是配送服务需求者的广义费用最小.给出了遗传算法求解规模较大的问题,通过一个算例验证模型和算法的可行性.     

Multi-objective bilevel construction material transportation scheduling in large-scale construction projects under a fuzzy random environment

Abstract

This paper investigates a transportation scheduling problem in large-scale construction projects under a fuzzy random environment. The problem is formulated as a fuzzy, random multi-objective bilevel optimization model where the construction company decides the transportation quantities from every source to every destination according to the criterion of minimizing total transportation cost and transportation time on the upper level, while the transportation agencies choose their transportation routes such that the total travel cost is minimized on the lower level. Specifically, we model both travel time and travel cost as triangular fuzzy random variables. Then the multi-objective bilevel adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to solve the model. Finally, a case study of transportation scheduling for the Shuibuya Hydropower Project in China is used as a real world example to demonstrate the practicality and efficiency of the optimization model and algorithm.     

Synchronized Production and Transportation Planning Using Subcontracted Vehicles in a Production-Distribution Network

Abstract

Effective management of interfaces between procurement, supply, production and distribution for higher efficiency in the supply chain is an important issue in global manufacturing, where the synchronization of production and transportation planning represents important savings in operational costs. This paper focuses on the synchronization of production planning and transportation planning in a production distribution network, where transportation is subcontracted to a professional transportation enterprise (PTE) for vehicle-hiring. Dynamic and flexible numbers of vehicles are used to cater for fast changing market demands. Thus, the number of vehicles to be hired is viewed from the planning point of view as an operational decision considered simultaneously with production and transportation planning. A mathematical model – SPTP/MTDS – for synchronized production and transportation planning under multiple times and direct shipping strategy (MTDS) is discussed, and a Lagrange relaxation decomposition-based two layer decision procedure (LRD-TLDP) is developed. By introducing artificial decision variables and Lagrange multipliers, SPTP/MTDS is decomposed into a production decision sub-problem (SPTP-PD), and a distribution decision sub-problem (SPTP-DD). A priority-based assignment heuristic and a partial chain-based genetic algorithm are developed to solve SPTP-PD and SPTP-DD, respectively. An illustration of the application of the model in an electronic appliance manufacturing enterprise in China is presented.     

Optimal tank-trailer routing using the ILOG constraint programming – a Taiwan case study

Abstract

This paper investigates the routing of pressurized tank trailers and proposes a scheduling plan which ensures the practical delivery of industrial gases under the objective of reducing transportation costs. Using constraint programming, we solve a combinatorial optimization problem that incorporates both hard and soft constraints for routing and scheduling tank trailers. Hard constraints are resource and safety/regulation constraints, whereas soft constraints are utilization and efficiency constraints. This approach enables tank-trailer routing and scheduling management to consider different combinations of parameters and view the results in ‘real-time.’ The routing and scheduling results based on a case study in Taiwan fulfil the goals of avoiding risks associated with transporting industrial gases, and attaining efficient delivery while conforming to regulations and consistent with good business practice. The results also suggest that significant economies in distribution costs are possible.     

基于CAN Bootloader的电动汽车远程数据更新系统设计

基于飞思卡尔MC9S12X系列16位微控制器,阐述CAN Bootloader的原理和工作过程及应用,并实现远程数据更新功能。实验表明,将CAN Bootloader远程数据更新应用于汽车CAN总线中,实现远程下载或远程标定,使CAN节点更具灵活性和可扩展性,同时提高产品开发的效率。     

基于乘客等待时间的城市轨道交通列车运行调整模型

研究突发事件导致列车晚点情况下城市轨道交通列车运行调整问题．从乘客角度出发,提出了“首站控制”和“多站协调控制”两类列车运行调整策略．考虑列车能力约束和列车区间运行时间、追踪间隔时间等运行条件约束,以受突发事件影响的全部乘客等待时间最小为优化目标,建立了基于两类调整策略的列车运行调整模型,采用Lingo软件进行求解．以某简化线路为算例,与不采取控制策略相比,两类策略下乘客等待时间均节省约9％,结果表明了模型的有效性,能够为轨道交通列车运行调整提供辅助支持．     

在资金预算不确定条件下路面维护和修复项目管理决策优化方法

一个得到良好开发和维护的路面管理系统（PMS）能够帮助管理者做出在什么时候,对哪些路段采用什么样的路面维护和修复方案的决定,从而实现可用资源的最大化.本文提出一种在资金预算不确定条件下路面维护和修复项目管理决策优化方法 (MPMRPBU),为确保管理者在一个决策规划时段内,从公路网中选择并优化一组路面维护和修复方案,建立随机线性规划模型求解MPMRPBU问题.通过案例分析,比较在确定性优化和随机规划两种不同条件下的优化方案,研究不同经济预算对优化方案的影响.结果表明,采用随机规划方法能产生高质量的MPMRPBU解决方案, 该算法可以解决实际问题.     

基于均衡流量的城市停车费用优化模型

基于随机用户平衡原则,分析了出行者的路径选择和停车选择行为,建立了满足Logit 关系的城市道路停车流量分配模型。基于收益管理思想,以停车收益最大为决策目标,建立了城市停车费用的双层规划模型,并以7个节点和2个停车场的小型网络进行实例验证。分析结果表明：当停车需求为10000 pcu·h-1时,随着停车场2停车费用的提高,停车流量不断向停车场1转移,停车场1在停车费用不变的情况下收益不断增加,当停车场2的停车费用为4元·h-1时,总的停车收益达到最大;当停车需求为20000 pcu·h-1时,随着停车费用的上升,总的停车收益将持续增加;2个停车场之间存在博弈关系,停车费用存在纳什均衡点,当停车需求为10000 pcu·h-1时,2个停车场的最优停车费用均为5元·h-1;当停车需求为20000 pcu·h-1时,2个停车场的最优停车费用均为最高限价10元·h-1。     

考虑油耗差异多车型混合车辆接力运输网络优化

提出了考虑耗油差异的多车型混合车辆接力运输网络优化设计,以接力点设置的合理布局和规划为基础,以两地点间的货流量为依据,以油耗差异多车型混合车辆的优化配置为手段,以总租用成本和总耗油量为目标函数,建立多目标线性整数规划模型.模型系统地将总租用成本和总耗油量最小化,总租用成本与租用的车型和租用的数量有关,总耗油量与使用的车辆的数量、车型,以及车辆行走的距离有关.针对此模型,设计了6组实验,结果显示总租用成本和总耗油量这两个目标函数成负相关关系;总租用成本减少7.8%需要增加7.6%总耗油量.通过实际算例验证了模型的实用性.     

Oracle、VB和Matlab在智能交通系统中的应用

介绍了一种基于COM组件调用的融合Oracle、VB和Matlab的编程技术应用于ITS(智能交通管理系统)的软件开发,它集中发挥了Oracle数据库和VB、Matlab6.5两种语言的各自优点,避免了使用第3方软件,如Matcom,MatrixVB等的接口问题,并能使集成后的软件完全脱离Matlab的运行环境.提供的实现过程和编程实例均说明,此方法简单、方便,可操作性强.