Geometric design safety estimation based on tire–road side friction

A closed-loop drive–vehicle–road–environment system (DVRES) model was established using Adams/Car and Matlab/Simulink. Dynamic responses of lateral tire forces based on tire–road side friction and road geometric characteristics are used to investigate vehicle side slip for geometric design safety estimation. The root mean square, the maximum values of lateral tire forces, comfort limit on curves and vehicle trajectories are used to quantify the safety margin of side friction. The simulation results show that the safety margins of lateral tire forces for radius, operating speed and superelevation rate were 18.2%, 19.3% and 17.6%, respectively, to guarantee good vehicle lateral reliability and ride comfort, while lower speeds are optimal in wet and slippery roads. Finally, a case study was conducted to illustrate the analysis of road design safety, and on-site experiment testing further validated the accuracy and reliability of the closed-loop DVRES model.     

The impact of major road developments on the spheres of urban influence of Japanese cities

This study aims to measure the impact of major road developments on the spheres of urban influence of Japanese cities.First, the sphere of urban influence is defined by application of an individual behavior model. The model explains the number of trips to representative cities in regions from the residential place of each individual using the following factors; the attractiveness of cities, the travel time to cities and the individual's free time. Development of major roads shortens the travel time, and this causes the change in the sphere of urban influence. The model we propose has the structure to explain this phenomenon.Second, this method is applied to all of Japan where expressways are now being rapidly constructed and, how they change spheres of urban influence is explained. In the application, as a measure of attractiveness of cities, population, commercial and industrial activity, etc. are considered. From these points of view, the impacts of construction of expressways in Japan are estimated.     

泡沫沥青冷再生施工技术节能减排效益分析

泡沫沥青冷再生施工作为一种路面废旧材料再生利用新型冷再生技术,其混合料除了具有良好的路用性能,施工中还可以起到明显的节能减排作用,是发展循环经济、创建环境友好节约型社会的重要举措,目前已开始得到应用和推广;通过对泡沫沥青冷再生施工技术节能效益分析,了解其节约资源、保护环境、减少污染、降低造价等优点。     

Tradable credits for managing car travel: a review of empirical research and relevant behavioural approaches

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in Tradable Credits (TC) as an alternative measure to manage the growth of personal car use. This paper summarises the results and methodologies of studies that have sought to anticipate the behavioural responses to several proposed TC schemes that target personal travel. In a critical reflection on this work and in an attempt to inspire future research, we argue that future empirical studies on TC behaviours can greatly benefit from insights from the fields of behavioural economics and cognitive psychology. Therefore, in the second part of the paper, we bring together behavioural concepts from these fields that are relevant in a TC decision-making context. Based on observations from current TC studies and the behavioural mechanisms identified in the second part of the paper, we propose promising directions for future research on understanding the impact of TC on personal car travel.     

高速公路改扩建工程中的环境保护

通过对高速公路改扩建工程环境保护的研究,文章首先分析改扩建工程中环境保护的必要性,并对高速公路改扩建工程中环境保护的具体内容进行分析,重点探讨高速公路改扩建工程中环境保护的具体应用,对某高速公路改扩建案例的深入分析,提出四大环境保护措施。     

道路运输行业安全监管现状分析及对策研究

结合道路运输行业安全监管现状,从道路运输行业安全监管职责和内容、监管方式、安全检查方面对道路运输行业安全监管存在的问题进行分析,并有针对性的提出了相应的建议和对策。     

Japanese perspective of driver information systems

A perspective view of of Japanese R&D activities of Driver Information Systems is given from the standpoint of developing joint projects by public and private sectors. First, a brief history of the R&D activities is illustrated from above mentioned standpoint. Then, two major projects, AMTICS and RACS, and the social backgrounds of these projects are explained. In order to give a clear idea of both projects some technical details are treated.Based on the history and the present status of the developments, the basic design conceptions of Japanese Driver Information Systems are explained and several factors or reasons which have influenced to the design conception are discussed. Then, the promoting systems of the R&D activities are generally explained and present status of the projects and future problems in developing more advanced systems are also handled. A brief discussion on the establishment of international standard is also mentioned as a final comment.     

多孔混凝土基层缩缝处沥青面层应力分析

为了研究多孔混凝土基层沥青路面的结构设计方法,通过三维有限元数值分析方法,建立多孔混凝土基层缩缝处沥青路面的三维有限元模型,分析多孔混凝土基层缩缝处沥青面层的荷载应力、温度应力、荷载与温度耦合作用下的耦合应力。结果表明：基层缩缝处沥青面层底面荷载主应力多为压应力值,但其剪应力在接缝处出现峰值;在温度作用下,沥青面层应力峰值点的位置在基层缩缝中点处沥青面层的底面及表面;荷载和温度耦合作用下基层缩缝中点处沥青面层底面的第一主应力介于荷载应力和温度应力之间。     

水泥稳定碎石基层级配研究

水泥稳定碎石基层作为一种良好的半刚性基层材料,在我国高等级公路上得到广泛运用。参考SMA级配的设计思想,分析了5种不同级配水泥稳定碎石的结构,并进行无侧限抗压强度试验。试验结果表明在水泥用量相同的前提下,骨架密实结构的水泥稳定碎石具有较高的强度。改变水泥稳定级配碎石的结构类型即由传统的悬浮密实结构转变成骨架密实结构,可改善半刚性基层材料的力学性能。     

基于脆性涂层法的沥青路面反射裂缝试验研究

采用脆性涂层法研究沥青路面的反射裂缝,并将试验结果与有限元计算结果进行了比较。结果表明,脆性涂层的裂纹围绕着碎石与沥青胶砂的界面发展,在该界面位置拉应力高度集中;路面基层的裂缝顶部附近发生应力集中,应力集中区的碎石与沥青胶砂界面是最容易萌发裂纹引发裂缝扩展破坏的部位;脆性涂层的裂纹分布总体是从车轮作用面向四周扩散,并围绕大粒径碎石扩展,弯拉型反射裂缝与剪切型反射裂缝涂层裂纹分布明显不同;大粒径的沥青混合料抗反射裂缝能力较强。