钢-混凝土混合拱桥接头应力传递规律研究

钢、混凝土有效结合并共同受力的可靠性特别重要,作为钢-混凝土混合拱桥的关键构造,接头设计的合理性直接决定了施工安全与使用性能。通过有限元仿真比较分析了3种钢-混凝土接头设计方案的应力分布,研究了应力在钢箱-混合接头-混凝土箱区段的传递规律。结果表明:在钢-混凝土接头中增加加劲肋数量及加大混凝土箱末端横截面积、承压板面积,可以逐级、有效地把钢箱高应力状态向混凝土箱低应力状态传递、分散,从而降低钢-混凝土接头局部区域的应力集中程度。     

下沉短桩越顶问题的有限元分析

下埋短桩是一种介于抗滑键与全长桩的一种特殊的抗滑桩,在合适的位置上采用将桩顶下沉设置较短的桩就可使边坡达到设计要求的安全系数,而桩身内力较全长桩有所降低,因此从经济角度与受力方面来看,具有良好的应用前景,但是滑体有可能沿桩顶失稳剪出,导致边坡工程失败,在应用上受到了很大的制约.现以云阳县太公沱至余家包库岸大咀段库岸滑坡工程为例,对用下埋短桩治理后是否越过抗滑短桩桩顶问题,采用了有限元强度折减法验证.     

Characteristic flow patterns generated by macrozoobenthic structures

A laboratory flume channel, equipped with an acoustic Doppler flow sensor and a bottom scanning laser, was used for detailed, non-intrusive flow measurements (at 2 cm s^− 1 and 10 cm s^− 1) around solitary biogenic structures, combined with high-resolution mapping of the structure shape and position. The structures were replicates of typical macrozoobenthic species commonly found in the Mecklenburg Bight and with a presumed influence on both, the near-bed current regime and sediment transport dynamics: a worm tube, a snail shell, a mussel, a sand mound, a pit, and a cross-stream track furrow. The flow was considerably altered locally by the different protruding structures (worm tube, snail, mussel and mound). They reduced the horizontal approach velocity by 72% to 79% in the wake zone at about 1–2 cm height, and the flow was deflected around the structures with vertical and lateral velocities of up to 10% and 20% of the free-stream velocity respectively in a region adjacent to the structures. The resulting flow separation (at flow Reynolds number of about 4000 and 20,000 respectively) divided an outer deflection region from an inner region with characteristic vortices and the wake region. All protruding structures showed this general pattern, but also produced individual characteristics. Conversely, the depressions (track and pit) only had a weak influence on the local boundary layer flow, combined with a considerable flow reduction within their cavities (between 29% and 53% of the free-stream velocity). A longitudinal vortex formed, below which a stagnant space was found. The average height affected by the structure-related mass flow rate deficit for the two velocities was 1.6 cm and 1.3 cm respectively (80% of height and 64%) for the protruding structures and 0.6 cm and 0.9 cm (90% and 127% of depth) for the depressions. Marine benthic soft-bottom macrozoobenthos species are expected to benefit from the flow modifications they induce, particularly in terms of food particle capture due to altered particle pathways and residence times, but also for the exchange of gases, solutes and spawn. The present results confirm previous studies on flow interaction effects of various biogenic structures, and they add a deeper level of detail for a better understanding of the fine-scale effects.     

有限元分析在12m标准轨道衡承重梁设计中的应用

在12 m标准轨道衡承重梁设计过程中采用有限元分析,利用Ansys建立承重梁的几何模型和以壳单元shell63为基本单元的承重梁有限元计算模型。计算模型在不同载荷作用下的最大应力以及变形情况,提出在不改变主体结构的情况下对承重梁进行加固。此方法可为12 m标准轨道衡承重梁的结构设计和改进提供理论依据。     

高速铁路轮轨噪声理论计算与控制研究

轮轨噪声是铁路主要的噪声源。针对高速铁路轮轨噪声辐射问题,综合运用车辆—轨道耦合动力学理论与噪声辐射理论,建立高速铁路轮轨噪声预测模型,应用数值仿真的方法研究高速铁路轮轨噪声产生机理、辐射特性、传播规律以及控制技术。主要研究内容和结论如下。     

隧道数值模拟计算边界范围研究

本文以某高速公路隧道的开挖和支护过程为工程实例,采用有限差分法岩土分析软件Adina进行全过程模拟,旨在分析模型的边界效应对相应求解精度的影响。研究方法是在其它条件同等的情况下,采用不同的模型边界范围建模,并分别独立进行模拟求解,通过比较不同模型下同一截面的力学响应的差异,进而分析模型边界范围这一单因素对隧洞开挖数值模拟的精度影响。研究思路和结论可以为类似的数值模拟关于如何合理地选择模型边界范围提供参考,从而使模拟实现过程的时效性和精度达到较佳的统一。     

基于CSR的散货船极限强度分析

基于CSR共同规范提出的逐步破坏分析法,自编船体梁极限强度计算软件,对多艘各种类型结构船舶进行计算,得到与多位学者相近的结果。与用有限元程序Patran建模、MSC／Marc计算优选散货船得出结果也有很好的近似。计算结果表明,CSR的方法有较高的精确度。     

大侧斜螺旋桨强度校核探讨

针对大侧斜螺旋桨复杂的几何外形和载荷分布,为准确解决其强度校核问题,介绍了两种螺旋桨强度校核方法,传统的悬臂梁法和有限元法。前者视桨叶为变截面的悬臂梁,按正车最大航速时的静态负荷来进行校核;采用有限元法在全速正车和紧急倒车状态时计算叶片的应力应变,重点介绍了紧急倒车过程中作用在桨叶上最大水动力载荷的确定方法。最后通过算例分析,比较两种方法校核同一螺旋桨强度的结果,指出有限元法更适合用于大侧斜螺旋桨的强度校核。     

振动压路机机—土动力相互作用分析

针对振动压路机的振动特性、土的压实和振动在土中的传播三类问题,建立三维有限元模型进行机—土动力相互作用分析。详述了建模中的若干问题,讨论了压路机的振动特性、土的应力分布和振动在土中的传播范围。