深埋双线铁路隧道衬砌高水压分界值研究

为研究深埋双线铁路隧道衬砌高水压分界值以及高水压作用下的衬砌受力状态,基于双线铁路隧道设计标准,利用有限元软件计算和分析双线铁路隧道衬砌在不同水压作用下隧道衬砌安全系数的变化规律,确定双线铁路隧道衬砌的高水压分界值。研究结果表明:Ⅱ、Ⅲ级围岩条件下水压力在0~0.05 MPa(约等于隧道净高一半)和Ⅳ、Ⅴ级围岩条件下水压力在0~0.1 MPa(约等于隧道净高)范围内变化时,隧道断面安全系数基本不变。在Ⅱ、Ⅲ级围岩条件下,双线隧道的高水压第一分界值为0.08~0.20 MPa;高水压第二分界值可取为0.40MPa。在Ⅳ、Ⅴ级围岩条件下,双线隧道的高水压第一分界值为0.12~0.35 MPa;高水压第二分界值为0.50 MPa。双线铁路隧道采用标准设计图进行设计时,能够承受的最大静水头为50 m,超过50 m的静水头,则需要优化断面。     

Impact of macrozoobenthic structures on near-bed sediment fluxes

Sandy sediments in shallow coastal waters of the Baltic Sea are often characterised by large numbers of biogenic structures which are produced by macrozoobenthos species. A series of experiments was devised to quantify how the interaction of such structures with the near-bed flow regime affects the sediment flux. Most experiments were done with simplified replicates of structures generated by typical species commonly found in the Mecklenburg Bight, starting with solitary structures and regularly-spaced arrays in a range of characteristic population densities, followed by a complex benthic macrofauna community, both artificial and alive. A laboratory flume channel, equipped with an acoustic Doppler flow sensor and a topography scanning laser, was used for high-resolution measurements (2 mm horizontal step size and 0.3 mm vertical resolution) of sand erosion (220 µm median grain size, at 20 cm s^− 1) and fine particle deposition (8 µm grain size, at 5 cm s^− 1). Sediment transport threshold values were measured for each layout. As a rule-of-thumb, both the erosion fluxes and the deposition of suspended matter increased considerably at low population densities (below 2%, expressed as percent of the sediment surface covered, i.e. roughness density RD). Above densities of 4%, erosion almost stopped inside the test arrays, and deposition remained well below the level of unpopulated areas. An attempt to extrapolate these findings to field conditions (using field current velocity data from 2001) showed that the net flux switched from erosion to deposition for densities above 5%. These parameters can now be integrated into a numerical sediment transport model coupling waves, currents, sediment dynamics and biological processes, which is currently under construction at the Baltic Sea Research Institute (IOW), Rostock, Germany.     

Water entry of a bow-flare ship section with roll angle

The two-dimensional water entry of a bow-flare ship section with constant roll angle, or heel angle, was studied by using a boundary element method. The fully nonlinear free surface conditions and exact body boundary conditions were satisfied. Nonviscous flow separation from the knuckles of the section or from the curved bottom could be simulated. The numerical calculations were compared with existing experimental results. First, the effects of roll angle were investigated and then the characteristics associated with large roll angles were examined in particular. The evolution of the free surfaces and the pressure distributions on the section surface are illustrated and the influence of nonviscous flow separation from the leeward section surface is discussed.     

Characteristic flow patterns generated by macrozoobenthic structures

A laboratory flume channel, equipped with an acoustic Doppler flow sensor and a bottom scanning laser, was used for detailed, non-intrusive flow measurements (at 2 cm s^− 1 and 10 cm s^− 1) around solitary biogenic structures, combined with high-resolution mapping of the structure shape and position. The structures were replicates of typical macrozoobenthic species commonly found in the Mecklenburg Bight and with a presumed influence on both, the near-bed current regime and sediment transport dynamics: a worm tube, a snail shell, a mussel, a sand mound, a pit, and a cross-stream track furrow. The flow was considerably altered locally by the different protruding structures (worm tube, snail, mussel and mound). They reduced the horizontal approach velocity by 72% to 79% in the wake zone at about 1–2 cm height, and the flow was deflected around the structures with vertical and lateral velocities of up to 10% and 20% of the free-stream velocity respectively in a region adjacent to the structures. The resulting flow separation (at flow Reynolds number of about 4000 and 20,000 respectively) divided an outer deflection region from an inner region with characteristic vortices and the wake region. All protruding structures showed this general pattern, but also produced individual characteristics. Conversely, the depressions (track and pit) only had a weak influence on the local boundary layer flow, combined with a considerable flow reduction within their cavities (between 29% and 53% of the free-stream velocity). A longitudinal vortex formed, below which a stagnant space was found. The average height affected by the structure-related mass flow rate deficit for the two velocities was 1.6 cm and 1.3 cm respectively (80% of height and 64%) for the protruding structures and 0.6 cm and 0.9 cm (90% and 127% of depth) for the depressions. Marine benthic soft-bottom macrozoobenthos species are expected to benefit from the flow modifications they induce, particularly in terms of food particle capture due to altered particle pathways and residence times, but also for the exchange of gases, solutes and spawn. The present results confirm previous studies on flow interaction effects of various biogenic structures, and they add a deeper level of detail for a better understanding of the fine-scale effects.     

有限元分析在12m标准轨道衡承重梁设计中的应用

在12 m标准轨道衡承重梁设计过程中采用有限元分析,利用Ansys建立承重梁的几何模型和以壳单元shell63为基本单元的承重梁有限元计算模型。计算模型在不同载荷作用下的最大应力以及变形情况,提出在不改变主体结构的情况下对承重梁进行加固。此方法可为12 m标准轨道衡承重梁的结构设计和改进提供理论依据。     

水泥混凝土路面碎石化层应力强度因子有限元分析

为比较是否碎石化对加铺后沥青路面结构应力的影响,本文从断裂力学入手,借助有限元软件,按等参八节点二维平面应变单元分析了两者在沥青加铺层情况相同时层底的应力强度因子。经对比分析,两者的Ⅰ型应力强度因子差别很大,而Ⅱ型应力强度因子基本相同,表明碎石化后沥青加铺层层底具有更好的受力特性,与不破碎直接加铺相比,能显著降低沥青加铺层底反射裂缝的可能性。这表明碎石化工艺对旧水泥混凝土路面的处治能满足加铺要求,达到了工艺处理的目的。     

轮式工程机械机架有限元分析系统

通过对工程机械机架的力学模型和数学模型的研究，开发了适用于微机上运行的工程机架有凶分析系统（ＣＳＦＡＳ）。系统引入了空间薄壁杆件的约束扭转。与通用有限元软件相比，该系统的计算结果更接近实际情况。     

抗拔桩和压顶梁对明挖地铁车站内力影响分析

在高地下水位地区修建地铁车站,往往存在抗浮问题。抗浮问题处理得当与否直接关系着地铁车站正常使用期间的可靠度。而采用不同抗浮措施会对结构内力产生不同的影响,为研究这种影响并希望从结构受力角度对车站抗浮提出一定的建议,结合一个明挖地铁车站实例,针对目前最常见的2种抗浮措施——压顶梁和抗拔桩进行数值计算,发现抗拔桩具有改善结构受力的作用,在结构跨度较大时应采用抗拔桩或者抗拔桩与压顶梁联合抗浮的措施,在结构跨度较小时,可优先考虑压顶梁抗浮。     

Calculation of Transient Stress Field During Laser Transformation Hardening Process

IntroductionHighpowerCOzlaserssdsetransformationhardeningtechniquehasbeensuccessfullyusedinindusnyforWYears.BecausethetemPeratUrefleldislocalizedinmaterialdurllglasertransfonnationhMngProcess,highthermstrCsswillgenerateinmatgrialduringlasertfansformationhardeningProcess.Therisalsohighresidualstressinmaterial,bothintCnsionandcomPression['-'].ComPressresidualstressishelptoincreasethefatigueldrimeofthelasertreatedmaterial,butthetensilestresswillshortenthefatiguelifetmeofthelasertreatedmator…     

隧道数值模拟计算边界范围研究

本文以某高速公路隧道的开挖和支护过程为工程实例,采用有限差分法岩土分析软件Adina进行全过程模拟,旨在分析模型的边界效应对相应求解精度的影响。研究方法是在其它条件同等的情况下,采用不同的模型边界范围建模,并分别独立进行模拟求解,通过比较不同模型下同一截面的力学响应的差异,进而分析模型边界范围这一单因素对隧洞开挖数值模拟的精度影响。研究思路和结论可以为类似的数值模拟关于如何合理地选择模型边界范围提供参考,从而使模拟实现过程的时效性和精度达到较佳的统一。