船舶柴油机磨合状态监测系统的研究

介绍了基于油液分析、表面形貌分析、柴油机性能参数分析等多技术综合分析方法的柴油机磨合状态检测系统的设计与实现技术,该系统的应用不仅可以掌握柴油机磨合的进程,而且能够为磨合程序的优化提供依据.     

城市公交线路模态工况构建方法研究

采用GPS设备对西安城市公交典型线路的运行工况进行实测,分别运用瞬态转模态方法和多目标优化法构建出城市客车模态工况。以8个特征参数相对误差为标准,对两种方法的精度进行了对比研究。研究表明,两种方法均能有效地完成工况构建,其中多目标优化法精度最高,瞬态转模态方法简单快捷,从而为工况构建方法的选取提供了思路和数据验证。     

公路桥梁技术状况评定标准浅析

对《公路桥梁技术状况评定标准》采用的评定方法、评定流程、评定计算模型等方面进行了详细介绍,分析了桥梁技术状况评定方法的特点,并通过实例对桥梁的具体评定过程进行了计算分析,使桥梁检测人员能够对新评定标准有全面的认识和了解。     

PCTC船货舱通风系统设计

PCTC船货舱通风系统的设计是整个PCTC船设计的一个重要组成部分,关系到总体、结构、舾装、轮机和电气等多个专业的设计。近几年来,PCTC船的货舱通风系统的设计也在不断的变化、改进和优化中,本人基于本所目前设计开发的6600UNITS PCTC船型,对这些年来PCTC船货舱通风系统的设计做了一个总结和分析,供相关设计人员参考。     

西津水利枢纽二线船闸下游引航道右岸支流汇入口消能设施设计

西津水利枢纽二线船闸工程是建设"西江亿吨级黄金水道"的重要举措之一。为研究二线船闸下引航道停泊段右岸西竹坑支流的汇入对二线船闸下引航道内通航水流条件的影响,通过水工模型试验研究在支流沟内布置消能设施对支流入汇口处流速、流态的影响,提出斜向导流坝、消力墩和消力池的工程措施,为类似工程提供借鉴。     

西沙群岛珊瑚砂运动特性试验研究

珊瑚砂具有颗粒密度较大、孔隙率较高、干密度较小、压缩性较高等物理特性。其形成过程相对短暂,搬运距离有限,珊瑚砂磨圆度较低,颗粒形态差异明显,颗粒之间有效接触面积较小,粘着力较低。这些特性决定了珊瑚砂在动力作用下易于起动搬运的运动特征。文章对西沙群岛珊瑚砂的比重、孔隙率、休止角和渗透性等物理性质以及水流、波浪作用下的起动特性进行了试验测定,试验结果也表明了珊瑚砂起动特性符合目前经验公式计算值。     

Impact of macrozoobenthic structures on near-bed sediment fluxes

Sandy sediments in shallow coastal waters of the Baltic Sea are often characterised by large numbers of biogenic structures which are produced by macrozoobenthos species. A series of experiments was devised to quantify how the interaction of such structures with the near-bed flow regime affects the sediment flux. Most experiments were done with simplified replicates of structures generated by typical species commonly found in the Mecklenburg Bight, starting with solitary structures and regularly-spaced arrays in a range of characteristic population densities, followed by a complex benthic macrofauna community, both artificial and alive. A laboratory flume channel, equipped with an acoustic Doppler flow sensor and a topography scanning laser, was used for high-resolution measurements (2 mm horizontal step size and 0.3 mm vertical resolution) of sand erosion (220 µm median grain size, at 20 cm s^− 1) and fine particle deposition (8 µm grain size, at 5 cm s^− 1). Sediment transport threshold values were measured for each layout. As a rule-of-thumb, both the erosion fluxes and the deposition of suspended matter increased considerably at low population densities (below 2%, expressed as percent of the sediment surface covered, i.e. roughness density RD). Above densities of 4%, erosion almost stopped inside the test arrays, and deposition remained well below the level of unpopulated areas. An attempt to extrapolate these findings to field conditions (using field current velocity data from 2001) showed that the net flux switched from erosion to deposition for densities above 5%. These parameters can now be integrated into a numerical sediment transport model coupling waves, currents, sediment dynamics and biological processes, which is currently under construction at the Baltic Sea Research Institute (IOW), Rostock, Germany.     

Characteristic flow patterns generated by macrozoobenthic structures

A laboratory flume channel, equipped with an acoustic Doppler flow sensor and a bottom scanning laser, was used for detailed, non-intrusive flow measurements (at 2 cm s^− 1 and 10 cm s^− 1) around solitary biogenic structures, combined with high-resolution mapping of the structure shape and position. The structures were replicates of typical macrozoobenthic species commonly found in the Mecklenburg Bight and with a presumed influence on both, the near-bed current regime and sediment transport dynamics: a worm tube, a snail shell, a mussel, a sand mound, a pit, and a cross-stream track furrow. The flow was considerably altered locally by the different protruding structures (worm tube, snail, mussel and mound). They reduced the horizontal approach velocity by 72% to 79% in the wake zone at about 1–2 cm height, and the flow was deflected around the structures with vertical and lateral velocities of up to 10% and 20% of the free-stream velocity respectively in a region adjacent to the structures. The resulting flow separation (at flow Reynolds number of about 4000 and 20,000 respectively) divided an outer deflection region from an inner region with characteristic vortices and the wake region. All protruding structures showed this general pattern, but also produced individual characteristics. Conversely, the depressions (track and pit) only had a weak influence on the local boundary layer flow, combined with a considerable flow reduction within their cavities (between 29% and 53% of the free-stream velocity). A longitudinal vortex formed, below which a stagnant space was found. The average height affected by the structure-related mass flow rate deficit for the two velocities was 1.6 cm and 1.3 cm respectively (80% of height and 64%) for the protruding structures and 0.6 cm and 0.9 cm (90% and 127% of depth) for the depressions. Marine benthic soft-bottom macrozoobenthos species are expected to benefit from the flow modifications they induce, particularly in terms of food particle capture due to altered particle pathways and residence times, but also for the exchange of gases, solutes and spawn. The present results confirm previous studies on flow interaction effects of various biogenic structures, and they add a deeper level of detail for a better understanding of the fine-scale effects.     

Water entry of a bow-flare ship section with roll angle

The two-dimensional water entry of a bow-flare ship section with constant roll angle, or heel angle, was studied by using a boundary element method. The fully nonlinear free surface conditions and exact body boundary conditions were satisfied. Nonviscous flow separation from the knuckles of the section or from the curved bottom could be simulated. The numerical calculations were compared with existing experimental results. First, the effects of roll angle were investigated and then the characteristics associated with large roll angles were examined in particular. The evolution of the free surfaces and the pressure distributions on the section surface are illustrated and the influence of nonviscous flow separation from the leeward section surface is discussed.     

船舶汽轮机末级叶片改进设计

对于船舶汽轮机而言,末级叶片变工况特性对整个机组性能具有重要的影响.指出了某型船舶汽轮机末级叶片在低负荷工况时出现的根部负反动度以及脱流、回流问题;给出了叶型改进方案,通过强化叶型、合理控制叶片根部反动度等手段,降低低负荷工况下末级叶片根部的回流,提高叶片抗振强度,改善流动状况,提高机组性能.