沥青与沥青组分的差示扫描量热研究

采用沥青组分分析法和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)从微观上分析沥青的性质。试验选取ESSO 90#基质沥青及RTFO(旋转薄膜烘箱)/PAV(压力老化)基质沥青,研究了沥青的沥青质、饱和分、芳香分和胶质四组分。结果表明:DSC能较好的描述沥青内部相态随温度的变化,并与沥青宏观上的三大指标保持一致;沥青质、胶质对沥青的高温性能有影响,饱和分、芳香分对沥青的低温性能有影响;饱和分对沥青性质的影响很大。     

一种低廉快速的多功能扫描探针显微镜的研究

采用微石英晶振来取代传统SPM的具有复杂结构的微悬臂和激光位移检测装置,使成本极大地下降。采用锁相环电路可将系统频响从1Hz提高到1kHz,通过对光栅试件的检测,证明本种检测方法是可行的。同时在微石英晶振前端安装不同种类的细针,可实现STM、AFM、MFM和EFM的测量,构成一机多能系统。     

2型糖尿病患者骨矿含量的定量CT测定

研究２型糖尿病患者的骨矿含量及其与病程、糖代谢控制程度和相关骨生化指标的关系。方法６６例分为三组。Ａ组２０例,发病２年以下。Ｂ组２６例,发病８年以上。其中Ｂ１组９例,空腹血糖〈７．８ｍｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１;Ｂ２组１７例,空腹血糖〉７．８ｍｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１。Ｃ组２０例,为正常对照组。６６例均行腰椎ＱＣＴ,测定空腹因糖,血清钙、血清磷、ＩＣＴＰ及ＢＧＰ。结果Ａ组与Ｃ组骨矿含量无显著差异;Ｂ组比Ａ、Ｃ组显著     

Surface reconstruction of scanned human body using radial basis functions and adaptive partition of unity

It is important to reconstruct a continuous surface representation of the point cloud scanned from a human body. In this paper a new implicit surface method is proposed to reconstruct the human body surface from the points based on the combination of radial basis functions (RBFs) and adaptive partition of unity (PoU). The whole 3D domain of the scanned human body is firstly subdivided into a set of overlapping subdomains based on the improved octrees. The smooth local surfaces are then computed in the subdomains based on RBFs. And finally the global human body surface is reconstructed by blending the local surfaces with the adaptive PoU functions. This method is robust for the surface reconstruction of the scanned human body even with large or non-uniform point cloud which has a sharp density variation. Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50575139) and the Shanghai Special Fund of Informatization (No. 088)     

Fabrication and Interfacial Structure of Ni-YSZ-LSM Porous Scaffold for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

A novel process route using tape casting and stacking for fabricating porous scaffold of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) was demonstrated. The linear shrinkages of anode (Ni-YSZ, YSZ stands for 3% Y_2O_3(mole fraction) stabilized ZrO_2) and cathode (LSM-YSZ, LSM stands for La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Mn0_3) were optimized to be uniform with that of electrolyte during sintering, by controlling the content of pore former. The micromorphology and interface microstructure of the cross-section of the porous scaffold were observed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The element distribution and phase composition were analyzed by energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The results showed that the porous scaffold with regular pore shape and high specific surface area was obtained after sintering at 1 350℃. The fabricated porous scaffold had defect free interfacial structures due to the uniform shrinkage of anode, cathode and electrolyte layers. In addition, it was shown that diffusions of Zr, Ni and La caused a progressive boundary between YSZ, Ni-YSZ and LSM-YSZ layers. The interface between anode and electrolyte (Ni-YSZ/YSZ) was mainly composed of Ni, YSZ and a small amount of NiO, and the interface between cathode and electrolyte (LSM-YSZ/YSZ) was mainly composed of YSZ, LSM and a small amount of La_2Zr_2O_7.     

影响SLS技术发展的因素及改进措施

本文简述了 SLS技术的特点、发展要求 ,通过分析影响 SLS技术发展的主要因素 ,阐述了相应的改进措施 ,并指出了 SLS技术的发展方向。     

预防酒后驾车新技术扫描

酒精锁 在不少国家,政府正在推行用酒精锁来防止醉酒驾驶员驾车上路。美国新墨西哥州等4个州已立法,要求酒后驾车初犯者使用酒精锁,其使用费用通常由酒后驾车者支付,包括100美元的安装费和每月约80美元的定期检测费。在瑞典,已经有1500辆沃尔沃载货车安装了酒精锁装置,正式名称为“酒精气敏点火自锁装置”。     

原状黄土损伤破坏过程的CT扫描分析(Ⅱ)

为了进一步揭示原状黄土硬化屈服破坏的微观机理,进行了原状黄土的三轴剪切试验过程中的CT扫描．结合CT图像、数据与应力应变曲线,分析了原状黄土三轴试验过程中的微观结构变化,利用损伤理论解释了其硬化屈服损伤破坏过程。根据面密偏应力的变化特点,发现试样在剪切初期是一个弹性恢复阶段即无损发展阶段,随后的密度增长变快,黄土的原结构正式进入破坏阶段。变形达到12mm后的密度随变形的增长变慢,说明原结构基本破坏正在形成新的稳定结构。从偏应力与CT数变化曲线来看,后2个阶段随偏应力增大CT增大加速,说明在后面的剪切过程中,承载是依赖于材料的挤压导致密度的提高和截面积的增大而使强度保持持续增长。通过观察CT图像,发现在原状黄土的破坏过程中,小孔隙被压密变小,直至完全消失。大空隙的密实是由于土颗粒进入大空隙造成的。     

基于工业CT的混凝土集料二维及三维轮廓表征方法

利用工业CT获取沥青混凝土试件内部结构断层图像,通过数字图像处理手段将图像内颗粒的二维轮廓提取出来,采用傅里叶描述子表征颗粒轮廓,结合等效直径概念确定了合理的采样间隔角度,对傅里叶变换阶数n的取值进行了定性的分析,并用图形及决定系数R2来描述拟合优劣程度,分析了可能失效的情形。采用球面调和变换对颗粒的三维表面轮廓进行表征,分别对球面调和变换阶数n′及采样点的不同取值效果利用三维可视化进行了比较,探索了其R2随阶数n′及采样点大小的变化规律。结果表明:阶数n′取25～30比较合适;球面调和变换可以更准确地表征集料颗粒的三维轮廓及局部细观特征,并且颗粒的三维轮廓用此方式表征有利于计算机建模的需要,有利于混凝土虚拟试验工作的深入开展。     

铁路复合垃圾衍生燃料（C-RDF）的燃烧特性研究

采用热重-差示扫描量热法（TG-DSC）热分析技术,对4种配比的复合垃圾衍生燃料（C-RDF）的燃烧特性进行研究,考察了其着火特性及燃尽特性,并以前人提出的综合燃烧特性指数对C-RDF进行评价.结果表明：C-RDF的着火温度与燃尽温度与所采用的煤种有关;C-RDF着火温度随着垃圾含量的增加而降低;C-RDF中垃圾比例的变化对其燃尽温度的影响较小.