车流密度变化条件下的跟驰模型研究

把车流密度的跳跃性变化作为车流波现象,在高峰小时或者异常情况下(如雨、雪、雾等异常天气),快速路的瓶颈地段经常出现堵塞以及由堵塞引起的车流波。车流波不仅影响瓶颈点下游车辆的运行,还会降低瓶颈点上游路段的有效通过能力。通过大量的交通数据采集,构建基于模糊推理的驾驶员感知——预测行为模型和车流波传播条件下驾驶员微观跟驰模型。结果表明,模型可以有效、准确地模拟车流波传播过程中驾驶员行为。     

Weather and road geometry impact on longitudinal driving behavior: Exploratory analysis using an empirically supported acceleration modeling framework

The objective of this paper is to quantify and characterize driver behavior under different roadway geometries and weather conditions. In order to explore how a driver perceives the rapidly changing driving surrounding (i.e. different weather conditions and road geometry configurations) and executes acceleration maneuvers accordingly, this paper extends a Prospect Theory based acceleration modeling framework. A driving simulator is utilized to conduct 76 driving experiments. Foggy weather, icy and wet roadway surfaces, horizontal and vertical curves, and different lane and shoulder widths are simulated while having participants driving behind a yellow cab at speeds/headways of their choice. After studying the driving trends observed in the different driving experiments, the extended Prospect Theory based acceleration model is calibrated using the produced trajectory data. The extended Prospect Theory based model parameters are able to reflect a change in risk-perception and acceleration maneuvering when receiving different parameterized exogenous information. The results indicate that drivers invest more attention and effort to deal with the roadway challenges compared to the effort to deal with the weather conditions. Moreover, the calibrated model is used to simulate a highway segment and observe the produced fundamental diagram. The preliminary results suggest that the model is capable of capturing driver behavior under different roadway and weather conditions leading to changes in capacity and traffic disruptions.     

铁道货车摇枕侧架生产过程中特殊过程确认与现场控制

结合生产过程中的特殊过程确认与现场控制的一般性要求,围绕着满足摇枕侧架生产制造过程中的一些特殊过程确认与现场控制的细节进行介绍,为指导摇枕侧架生产制造提供理论依据。     

扩大公房出售范围研究

针对非独立成套公房难以出售问题，提出竞价出售、就地改善、引进外资改造等方法。为加快公房出售的速度，还需采取公房逐步提租、规范物业管理收费行为、加大贷款力度和延长还款期限等措施。     

车身常用轻量化材料的维修要点分析

介绍了车身常用轻量化材料高强度钢和铝合金的特点和应用情况。对高强度钢板的焊接特性和加热维修影响情况通过试验进行了分析，得出了正确的维修建议；通过对铝合金的特性分析和维修中的实践经验，提出了在铝合金维修中应采取的修理工艺和方法。     

基于逆向工程轿车保险杠设计及曲面评价

在对汽车外形的局部改型中,由于逆向设计具有设计精度高、开发周期短及节约成本等优点,逐渐得到厂家的广泛采用。文章根据原型车前后保险杠造型,运用逆向工程原理以及CATIA软件中的模块构建出新的保险杠造型,依据曲线几何连续性条件,利用曲面断面线法、斑马线法及曲面反射性分析法来评价曲面的质量。最终得到更加美观的轿车保险杠外表面造型。该方法大大提高了轿车外表面改型的开发效率。     

解析铁道行业标准《铁道客车及动车组集便装置》

从规范性引用文件,产品使用环境条件,产品防护等级,产品可靠性、可维护性及安全性规定,以及污物箱液位开关等方面,解析TB/T 3338—2013《铁道客车及动车组集便装置》,对标准的实施提出具体建议。     

Measuring the car ownership impact of free-floating car-sharing – A case study in Basel,Switzerland

Free-floating car-sharing schemes operate without fixed car-sharing stations, ahead reservations or return-trip requirements. Providing fast and convenient motorization, they attract both public transport users and (former) car-owners. Thus, their impact on individual travel behavior depends on the user type. Estimating the travel behavior impact of these systems therefore requires quantitative data. Using a two-wave survey approach (shortly after launch of the scheme plus one year later) including travel diaries, this research indicates that (due to their membership) 6% of the free-floating car-sharing customers reduce their private vehicle ownership. Moreover, the results suggest that free-floating car-sharing both complements and competes with station-based car-sharing.     

Beyond “Peak Car”: A reflection on the evolution of public sentiment about the role of cars in cities

In this volume, Jones has made a persuasive case for considering recently observed reductions in car use (and sometimes car ownership) in a number of major northern cities as part of an evolutionary process, rather than the consequence of transient conditions such as the economic downturn of 2008 and its relatively slow recovery. In an era bringing new service models for mobility and communications that have important implications for safety, security, the environment and well-being, he points to the role of public attitudes and sentiments that may underlie changing policy priorities and an associated culture change with respect to transport in cities and the reclamation of street space. This paper briefly explores the role of public sentiments and reflects on the apparent emergence of a popular subculture that favors living, if possible, without owning or using cars, in contrast to older subcultures embracing more extreme sentiments that are either Car-centered or emphatically anti-car.     

Forecasting automobile sales: the Peña-Box approach

As a response to growing concerns regarding the call for clean energy and its impact on future automobile sales, this study uses a classical factor model and the Peña-Box model to examine the contemporary and time-varying relationships of different brands/models of cars in Taiwan between 2003 and 2007. In this paper, we demonstrate the complementary characteristics of these two analytical and forecasting methods. The results confirm that these two models can derive equally important but different information from the same time series data. Furthermore, the models are a useful marketing tool for discovering the current preferences of car purchasers, as well as their preference changes over time.