汽车用纸基摩擦材料国外研究进展

介绍了汽车用纸基摩擦材料的特点和用途。综述了近20年来国外对于纸基摩擦材料的研究状况。从纤维、粘结剂、摩擦性能调节剂和填料几方面总结了国外纸基摩擦材料配方的发展，同时对国外纸基摩擦材料的制造工艺及发展方向进行了阐述。论述了近年来国外关于孔隙率和压缩变形性能对纸基摩擦材料性能影响的研究情况。     

碳纤维加固混凝土梁抗弯性能的非线性有限元分析

对经碳纤维加固后的钢筋混凝土梁进行有限元非线性全过程数值模拟分析。成功地解决了有限元求解碳纤维加固混凝土梁非线性数值的收敛问题,阐述了非线性的行为。有限元计算的结果与试验结果具有较好的一致性,并对两者之间的误差所产生的原因进行了分析。结果表明,建立合理的有限元数值模型,并采用合理的求解策略,能很好的准确预测并模拟碳纤维布加固混凝土梁的抗弯性能,同时也为以后的数值研究工作奠定了基础。     

模具CAE技术在轿车发动机罩外板模具调试中的应用

阐述了基于汽车覆盖件板成形的有限元模型分析软件AutoForm的模具CAE技术,对其特点和功能作了阐述。以风神Bluebird发动机罩外板的模具调试为例阐述了其实际应用,对拉延模的模面设计方案进行了分析,对其拉延成形过程进行了模拟分析,并依此对拉延模的调试方案进行分析和判断,优化了改进方案,和现场取得了完全一致的结果。     

CO2脱除机在白灵菇种植场所的应用研究

白灵菇是一种营养丰富的食用菌,目前在国内市场供不应求,而在其反季节种植过程中,存在着冷库内CO2浓度逐步升高,影响产量和形状的问题。为解决这些问题,介绍了新研制的一种新型的CO2脱除机,可以较好的控制反季种植中冷库内的CO2浓度。测试了冷库内不同生长阶段白灵菇产生的CO2浓度,考察了冷库内不同高度时的CO2浓度的梯度变化,以及在试验中后期冷库内CO2浓度的变化速度。提出了白灵菇反季节种植冷库中CO2脱除机的运行方式。     

Evaluation of CO2 emissions from railway resurfacing maintenance activities

This paper is the world first to investigate the CO₂ impact of railway resurfacing in ballasted track bed maintenance. Railway resurfacing is an important routine maintenance activity that restores track geometry to ensure safety, reliability and utility of the asset. This study consisted of an extensive field data collection from resurfacing machineries (diesel-engine tamping machines, ballast regulators and ballast stabilisers) including travel distances, working distances, fuel consumption and construction methodologies. Fuel consumption was converted to a kg CO₂/m using the embodied energies of diesel. Analyses showed that tamping machines emitted the highest CO₂ emissions of the resurfacing machineries, followed by ballast regulators and ballast stabilisers respectively. Tamping machines processed 4.25 m of track per litre of diesel, ballast regulators processed 6.51 m of track per litre of diesel and ballast stabilisers processed 10.61 m of track per litre of diesel. The results were then compared to previous studies and a rigorous parametric study was carried out to consider long-term resurfacing CO₂ emissions on Australian railway track. The outcome of this study is unprecedented and it enables track engineers and construction managers to critically plan strategic rail maintenance and to develop environmental-friendly policies for track geometry and alignment restoration.     

TRB及其轧制应用关键技术

讨论了车身用连续变截面辊轧板(TRB)在轧制和应用过程中的关键技术。TRB技术的实质是传统纵轧与辊间距实时调整变化相协调的过程,TRB轧制的关键是建立板厚综合系统控制模型,TRB在车身上的应用需要解决相应的冲压模具设计及冲压成型性评价等技术。该研究为实现车身轻量化拓宽了思路。     

碳纤维布在连拱隧道衬砌裂缝病害治理中的应用

延安至安塞高速公路墩山连拱隧道主体工程完工后,衬砌出现了不同程度的裂缝和渗漏水等病害,通过对衬砌裂缝特征、产生原因的分析,并根据裂缝的开裂程度与发展规律,采用碳纤维布对隧道衬砌裂缝进行了局部修复和整体加固补强。由于在施工过程中严格控制施工工艺和施工质量,达到了预期效果。通过碳纤维加固模拟和监测表明:衬砌裂缝得到了有效控制,支护受力处于安全状态,围岩稳定,碳纤维布加固效果显著。     

Communicating transportation carbon dioxide emissions information: Does gender impact behavioral response?

General concern and knowledge on climate change have been increasingly studied over the past decades. Gender differences have been found for general environmental concern and knowledge, but mixed findings exist with respect to climate change. In transportation, research has examined potential relations between environmental attitudes and transportation behavior, with mixed findings as well. Recently, the use of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions information to influence choice has been tested with women being found more willing to pay to reduce their personal impacts, suggesting that women are either more willing to change or that their response to information on climate change is stronger. However, those studies used CO₂ mass and studies that examined understanding of CO₂ information as a mass have found that people struggle to understand it. If concern and knowledge about climate change differ amongst individuals, then, according to theories such as the Transtheoretical Model, the type of information used to motivate choices is likely important. Using a unique data set (n = 236) it is possible to take a first look at how gender might affect concern, knowledge, and action in terms of transportation and climate change. Further, it is also possible to examine behavioral responses to transportation climate change information. Finally, an empirical analysis is conducted of the effect of how the information is presented might differ by gender. Thus, this work aims to investigate whether gender differences might contribute to the explanation of individual behavioral responses (from concern to action) in a transportation climate change context.     

‘Each flight is different’: Carbon emissions of selected flights in three geographical markets

Air travel is considered the biggest individual climate sin. Avoiding flying, however, seems impossible. In this paper we argue that the flight a passenger chooses can be significant. For this purpose we compared the carbon emissions of selected flights in three geographical markets. We found tremendous differences in the environmental performance of individual flights. Furthermore, we also found that flying with the most modern aircraft or flying non-stop represents, in many cases, the least polluting option. Nevertheless, we were able to show that there are exceptions to this rule. Based on our results, we provide recommendations to the industry and for further research.     

“双碳”目标下城市中心区地下公共空间与轨道交通一体化发展机制与评价方法研究

为探究城市空间集约和土地高效利用背景下城市中心区地下公共空间与轨道交通一体化发展的低碳效应，梳理城市中心区地下公共空间与轨道交通一体化发展在构成要素、开发生命周期等方面的特征，分析一体化策划、规划、设计、建造和运维等发展阶段对促进“双碳”目标实现的作用与意义； 构建基于“双碳”目标的包含城市轨道交通发展、城市发展、一体化的低碳效应、城市中心区发展和城市中心区开发5项准则层指标在内的22项指标的一体化测度指标体系，综合运用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法构建城市中心区地下公共空间与轨道交通一体化发展评价方法体系。以南京新街口中心区2005年、2010年、2014年和2019年4个典〖JP2〗型阶段为例进行评价，结果分别为2.349、3.105、3.588和4.222，对应的一体化发展水平分别为较差、中、良和良。对照南京新街口中心区渐进式一体化发展历程可知，南京新街口中心区地下公共空间与轨道交通一体化发展对促进区域“双碳”目标实现作用显著。