Modified gray level difference-based thresholding segmentation and its application in X-Ray welding image

Thresholding is a popular image segmentation method that often requires as a preliminary and indispensable stage in the computer aided image process, particularly in the analysis of X-ray welding images. In this paper, a modified gray level difference-based transition region extraction and thresholding algorithm is presented for segmentation of the images that have been corrupted by intensity inhomogeneities or noise. Classical gray level difference algorithm is improved by selective output of the result of the maximum or the minimum of the gray level with the pixels in the surrounding, and multi-structuring of neighborhood window is used to represent the essence of transition region. The proposed algorithm could robustly measure the gray level changes, and accurately extract transition region of an image. Comparisons with other approaches demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithm.     

中国盾构和掘进机隧道技术现状、存在的问题及发展思路

简要分析我国盾构、掘进机隧道修建技术的现状,包括水下盾构隧道、地铁盾构、TBM隧道和山岭TBM隧道的技术现状。通过列举典型工程案例,分析总结我国盾构、掘进机隧道技术存在的问题:1)水底公路隧道盾构直径过大,2)单层管片衬砌的耐久性不足,3)护盾式TBM有很多局限性,4)土压平衡盾构不是万能的,5)隧道线路标高选择不合理,6)工程建设中存在4大不合理。针对这些问题提出解决建议:1)一般情况下,水底公路隧道盾构直径不宜超过12 m;2)增设二次模筑混凝土衬砌,形成复合衬砌结构;3)取消护盾式TBM,提倡采用开敞式TBM;4)盾构选型时,应同时考虑比选泥水盾构、土压盾构和开敞式无刀盘盾构;5)避开在岩层交界面上选线;6)工程建设一定要坚持科学发展观。为盾构、掘进机隧道的设计和施工提出新思路,包括:1)无刀盘的开敞式网格盾构,2)压缩混凝土衬砌,3)TBM导洞超前再钻爆法扩挖,4)风井始发盾构。最后,指出大直径盾构不是发展方向,长距离掘进(2 km)时,深埋盾构施工才是发展方向;并提出琼州海峡隧道采用盾构法施工(深埋优于浅埋),渤海湾海峡海底隧道采用直径为10 m的TBM+钻爆法施工,台湾海峡隧道采用深埋方案开敞式TBM+钻爆法施工的想法。     

基于VB的Word文档检测

以使用VB对Word文档中的艺术字进行检测,分析了VB中"Word"对象模型的部分子对象模型的结构和功能,详细介绍了在VB中如果对Word文档中的艺术字进行检测的步骤方法。本方法也可用于其它支持ActiveX的开发平台中。     

高职思政课教学实践资源利用的问题与对策

高职思政课教学实践资源具有巨大的利用价值。文章在论述了高职思政课教学实践资源利用的价值选择和存在问题的基础上,认为必须采取集成创新、求实开放、联动协调策略,拓宽实践资源利用的路径,拓展实践资源利用的范围,才能解决相应的问题。     

传动轴试验机的研制

介绍了一种采用伺服电机作为动力源,利用数据采集卡、工业PC构建自动测试系统,使用C语言编制测试软件,适用于机械传动轴的装置.     

利用关系数据理论改进装备测试记录存储方法的研究

目前海军装备测试记录的存储大多采用文本文件的形式,不利于数据共享。为解决这一问题,改进原先的存储方法,提出了数据库存储形式,讨论了其开发步骤,并针对应用背景,重点提出了通过现有存储方式的设计文档及相关代码获取设计的需求分析、通过模式分解将测试项目进行划分、通过数据依赖公理验证分解前后是否等价的数据库设计方法,最后通过一个实例对数据库应用系统的开发过程进行了详细说明。与文本文件存储方法相比,数据库存储形式具有利于数据共享、提高数据查询效率、便于装备管理的优点。     

Factors affecting car ownership and mode choice in rail transit-supported suburbs of a large Chinese city

As Chinese cities continue to grow rapidly and their newly developed suburbs continue to accommodate most of the enormous population increase, rail transit is seen as the key to counter automobile dependence. This paper examines the effects of rail transit-supported urban expansion using travel survey data collected from residents in four Shanghai suburban neighborhoods, including three located near metro stations. Estimated binary logit model of car ownership and nested logit model of commuting mode choice reveal that: (1) proximity to metro stations has a significant positive association with the choice of rail transit as primary commuting mode, but its association with car ownership is insignificant; (2) income, job status, and transportation subsidy are all positively associated with the probabilities of owning car and driving it to work; (3) higher population density in work location relates positively to the likelihood of commuting by the metro, but does not show a significant relationship with car ownership; (4) longer commuting distance is strongly associated with higher probabilities of riding the metro, rather than driving, to work; (5) considerations of money, time, comfort, and safety appear to exert measurable influences on car ownership and mode choice in the expected directions, and the intention to ride the metro for commuting is reflected in its actual use as primary mode for journey to work. These results strongly suggest that rail transit-supported urban expansion can produce important positive outcomes, and that this strategic approach can be effectively facilitated by transportation policies and land use plans, as well as complemented by timely provision of high quality rail transit service to suburban residents.     

Predictive usage mining for life cycle assessment

The usage modeling in life cycle assessment (LCA) is rarely discussed despite the magnitude of environmental impact from the usage stage. In this paper, the usage modeling technique, predictive usage mining for life cycle assessment (PUMLCA) algorithm, is proposed as an alternative of the conventional constant rate method. By modeling usage patterns as trend, seasonality, and level from a time series of usage information, predictive LCA can be conducted in a real time horizon, which can provide more accurate estimation of environmental impact. Large-scale sensor data of product operation is suggested as a source of data for the proposed method to mine usage patterns and build a usage model for LCA. The PUMLCA algorithm can provide a similar level of prediction accuracy to the constant rate method when data is constant, and the higher prediction accuracy when data has complex patterns. In order to mine important usage patterns more effectively, a new automatic segmentation algorithm is developed based on change point analysis. The PUMLCA algorithm can also handle missing and abnormal values from large-scale sensor data, identify seasonality, and formulate predictive LCA equations for current and new machines. Finally, the LCA of agricultural machinery demonstrates the proposed approach and highlights its benefits and limitations.     

The design of electric vehicle charging network

The promotion of Electric Vehicles (EVs) has become a key measure of the governments in their attempt to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, range anxiety is a big barrier for drivers to choose EVs over traditional vehicles. Installing more charging stations in appropriate locations can relieve EV drivers’ range anxiety. To determine the locations of public charging stations, we propose two optimization models for two different charging modes - fast and slow charging, which aim at minimizing the total cost while satisfying certain coverage goal. Instead of using discrete points, we use geometric objects to represent charging demands. Importantly, to resolve the partial coverage problem (PCP) for networks, we extend the polygon overlay method to split the demands on the road network. After applying the models to Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area (GTHA) and to Downtown Toronto, we show that the proposed models are practical and effective in determining the locations of charging stations. Moreover, they can eliminate PCP and provide much more accurate results than the complementary partial coverage method (CP).     

How might potential future plug-in electric vehicle buyers differ from current “Pioneer” owners?

The entry of various plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) into the passenger vehicle sector provides novel opportunities to learn about the potential for future PEV markets. However, early PEV buyers (or “Pioneers”) can substantially differ from present conventional vehicle owners that have interest in purchasing PEVs in the future (or the “Potential Early Mainstream buyers”). To compare the characteristics, preferences, and motivations of Pioneers and Potential Early Mainstream buyers, we draw data from the Canadian Plug-in Electric Vehicle Study, a three-part mixed-mode survey with samples of PEV owners (n = 94) and conventional new vehicle buyers (n = 1754). We identify several significant differences in household characteristics, including income, education, and recharge access. In terms of preferences, Pioneers express extremely high valuation of PEVs and prefer pure battery electric vehicle (BEV) designs over plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV) designs. In contrast, Potential Early Mainstream respondents prefer PHEVs. Both Pioneer and Potential Early Mainstream respondents are similarly cautious about controlled charging programs, but Pioneers place five times as much value on using electricity generated from renewable sources than the Potential Early Mainstream. Pioneers also tend to have different motivations, including significantly higher levels of environmental concern, and higher engagement in environment- and technology-oriented lifestyles. Policymakers, automakers, and electric utilities that anticipate a transition to electric mobility ought to consider how potential future PEV buyers may differ in their vehicle preferences, usage and motivations relative to current PEV owners.