隧道震裂岩体围岩分级方法初探

汶川地震产生了大量的震裂松动山体,为合理评价在这些震裂山体中新建隧道的围岩级别,通过极震区在建隧道现场震裂岩体调查,对震裂岩体特征及其对围岩稳定性的影响进行了分析。震裂岩体是一种受强烈地震波作用后,岩体结构面更加发育,层间结合更差的一种岩体;并且硬质岩和软质岩的震裂特征不同,硬质震裂岩体易产生集中式张裂缝和松动,软质震裂岩体易产生体积式松弛变形。在此基础上,提出了岩体震裂等级,划分为轻微、中等、强烈三种级别,并建立了震裂岩体围岩分级的修正方案,即:轻微震裂岩体对围岩稳定性影响不大,可不考虑降低围岩级别,或者降低0.5级;中等震裂岩体对围岩稳定性有不利影响,围岩级别降低0.5～1级;强烈震裂岩体对围岩稳定性影响极为不利,围岩级别降低1～1.5级。     

论铁路路基填料分类

通过对铁路路基施工中出现填料工程质量问题的分析,认为现行铁路规范所采用的"粒度累积分类法"依据单一,不能很好地反映土性;"统一分类法"依据土的颗粒组成、颗粒级配、细粒含量、相邻粒组的含量以及塑性指标(塑性指数、液限),更具科学性。为使我国铁路规范中的"填料分类"逐步向"统一分类法"靠近,并与"岩土分类"标准统一,提出两个修改方案:方案A为过渡方案,对现行分类只作粒组划分和细粒含量局部调整;方案B则以"统一分类"体系为框架,同时又照顾方案A的分类习惯,使两种方案能够衔接。     

浅谈混凝土桥梁裂缝

浅谈了混凝土桥梁裂缝的分类、产生原因及预防处理措施.     

On Stability Analysis and Classification of Surrounding Rocks in Rock Tunnels北大核心CSCD

After 1975, the appearance of finite element numerical limit method and the application and development of computer technology have brought the elastic-plastic analytical calculation of engineering materials into a new era of numerical limit calculation. The new methods, namely, strength reduction method and load increment method, as well as the recently proposed ultimate strain method, are adopted in the rock tunnels studied in this paper. To solve the uncertainty of mechanical parameters of surrounding rock in rock tunnels and provide more scientific and reasonable mechanical parameters of surrounding rock, the surrounding rock classification must be made combining theory, investigation and experience. Taking the surrounding rock classification in rail transit tunnels as an example, the improvement of the classification level includes improving the strength index, mainly adopting the quantitative classification method, reasonably determining the basic index BQ value of rock mass quality, increasing the number of surrounding rock classifications, formulating the surrounding rock classification tables for the running tunnel and the station tunnel, and achieving the coordination and unification of qualitative and quantitative classification methods. Finally, the quantitative indexes of surrounding rock self-stability are determined, and the more scientific and reasonable physical and mechanical parameters of surrounding rocks are put forward through back calculation. © 2022, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

The characteristic velocity stability indicator for passenger cars

Driver assistance systems have received increased attention as market demands have pushed for improved automotive safety. These systems are designed to aid the driver by preventing any unstable or unpredictable vehicle behaviour. One global indicator for stability and driving conditions could help to manage the control algorithms and driver warning subroutines. Another problem which could be solved by a precise driving situation indicator is evaluating new vehicles during test drives. After a short introduction to a linear lateral vehicle model, an analytical approach for an online calculation of different driving conditions (i.e., stability, understeering, oversteering, and neutralsteering) is given. A characteristic velocity stability indicator is defined, which allows online computation of the present driving condition. Results are then checked against real measurements of a test vehicle.     

Characterization and prediction of air traffic delays

This paper presents a new class of models for predicting air traffic delays. The proposed models consider both temporal and spatial (that is, network) delay states as explanatory variables, and use Random Forest algorithms to predict departure delays 2–24 h in the future. In addition to local delay variables that describe the arrival or departure delay states of the most influential airports and links (origin–destination pairs) in the network, new network delay variables that characterize the global delay state of the entire National Airspace System at the time of prediction are proposed. The paper analyzes the performance of the proposed prediction models in both classifying delays as above or below a certain threshold, as well as predicting delay values. The models are trained and validated on operational data from 2007 and 2008, and are evaluated using the 100 most-delayed links in the system. The results show that for a 2-h forecast horizon, the average test error over these 100 links is 19% when classifying delays as above or below 60 min. Similarly, the average over these 100 links of the median test error is found to be 21 min when predicting departure delays for a 2-h forecast horizon. The effects of changes in the classification threshold and forecast horizon on prediction performance are studied.     

A demand trend change early warning forecast model for the city of São Paulo multi-airport system

The need of accurate forecasts of air passenger numbers to assist managerial decision making for both short and long terms is well recognized and a central problem on both short and long term forecasting is how to handle future trend. The aim of this paper is to develop a demand trend change early warning forecast model (EWFM) for the city of São Paulo multi-airport system (SPMARs). For SPMARs the EWFM is based on the combination of leading indicators and alarms against possible occurrence of changes on trend component of the monthly number of domestic air passengers. A topdown induction procedure is employed to identify leading indicators to provide an interpretable prediction procedure to support the development of scenarios for future demand trend. Results show that changes on such demand trend are mostly associated to changes on the economic activity and six different scenarios were built combining the identified leading indicators. The EWFM was employed to assist managerial decision making for both short and long terms in order to evaluate different alternatives to prevent congestion delay occurrences and to support infrastructure planning.     

半潜式平台破损强度评估

本文主要概述了半潜平台破损强度评估方法,比较了各船级社对冗余强度的要求。通过建立了总体有限元模型,分析了在横撑结构依次破损工况下的总体结构强度,并与平台的自存极限工况下的强度比较,得出结论。本文可以为以后的半潜平台的破损强度计算提供借鉴。     

水翼艇及其控制方法综述

作为高速船舶中的一种,水翼艇以其优异的快速性、耐波性、操纵性及经济性等特点得到广泛的发展和应用。本文首先概述了水翼艇的发展历程,对国内外水翼艇的发展及现状进行了分析研究。重点总结了水翼艇的特点,以不同的角度对水翼艇进行了分类,对水翼艇的纵向控制方法研究进行了简要总结。最后,阐述了目前水翼艇研究存在的问题,对未来水翼艇的发展趋势进行了展望。     

岩溶桩基施工地质模式的划分及工程应用

文章基于对岩溶地区公路桥梁桩基施工所遇岩溶形态及病害成因的分析,阐述了考虑覆盖层、岩溶形态、岩溶水及桩与岩溶形态相互关系四大影响因素的岩溶桩基地质模式划分方法,并通过具体的工程应用实例,证明了进行岩溶地质模式分析有利于正确选择公路桥梁桩基施工工艺和预防措施。