航电枢纽泄流数值仿真模拟技术及其应用

依托湘江土谷塘航电枢纽车江坝址设计方案,建立了坝址河段二维正交曲线水流数学模型。首先采用天然资料对模型进行率定,通过有关参数调整,使数值计算成果与天然实测资料达到精度要求。然后将航电枢纽工程仿真植入率定好的模型。利用航电枢纽模型,模拟了湘江土谷塘航电枢纽车江坝址河段典型泄流方式的水流情况,分析了河道流速分布特征,给出了引航道口门区和引航道内部纵向流速和横流等与通航有关的参数。结合JTJ 305—2001《船闸总体设计规范》要求,对枢纽通航水流条件进行了评定。展示了航电枢纽数值仿真模拟技术投资少、时间短、成果丰富、方案易优化的特点。     

桥头跳车成因及防治

在深入分析桥头不均匀沉降产生原因的基础上,从地基、路堤、路面等方面提出桥头跳车综合防治技术,和针对常规桥头搭板设计方法中存在的弊端提出改进的设计方法,同时对排水系统进行分析和改进,这项研究可供工程实践参考.     

基于解析解的GPS伪距量测定位趋近算法

用几何方法,给出了二维、三维测距定位问题解的解析表达式,在此解析解的基础上对GPS测码伪距定位问题提出一种趋近计算方法,并讨论了其收敛性,给出了其收敛的一个充分条件和解析求解中多解的裁决方法.     

考虑前后车速度和减速幅度的元胞自动机模型

三相交通流理论和基本图方法对自由流到拥挤流的相变过程提出不同的解释,双方争议至今没有解决.基于典型慢启动模型规则,本文提出一个考虑前后车速度和减速幅度的交通流元胞自动机模型来探讨自由流到拥挤流的相变.新慢启动模型的减速幅度大小与前车速度相关,两个减速幅度值分别对应缓慢减速和急减速.新慢启动模型的数值模拟结果表明：同一密度值对应的交通状态可能是自由流,也可能是拥挤流;小堵塞集团可以稳定存在于道路系统并有同步的趋势;当道路系统中存在大量不考虑舒适驾驶并倾向于急减速的车辆,在此条件下,三相交通流理论提出的紧致压缩效应不具有合理性,自由流状态可以直接相变为堵塞状态.     

地道桥引道基坑支护工程施工

主要介绍沈阳市克俭地道桥天山路引道工程中,为保护临近建筑物和地下管线而采用的支护方法及施工主要工艺。对于基坑深度在5～7.6m的支护方案,采用螺旋钻孔压灌超流态混凝土桩与预应力锚杆共同作用的支护方法是十分安全和可靠的。     

A new statistical method of assigning vehicles to delivery areas for CO2 emissions reduction

Transportation CO₂ emissions are expected to increase in the following decades, and thus, new and better alternatives to reduce emissions are needed. Road transport emissions are explained by different factors, such as the type of vehicle, delivery operation and driving style. Because different cities may have conditions that are characterized by diversity in landforms, congestion, driving styles, etc., the importance of assigning the proper vehicle to serve a particular region within the city provides alternatives to reduce CO₂ emissions. In this article, we propose a new methodology that results in assigning trucks to deliver in areas such that the CO₂ emissions are minimized. Our methodology clusters the delivery areas based on the performance of the vehicle fleet by using the k-means algorithm and Tukey’s method. The output is then used to define the optimal CO₂ truck-area assignment. We illustrate the proposed approach for a parcel company that operates in Mexico City and demonstrate that it is a practical alternative to reduce transportation CO₂ emissions by matching vehicle type with delivery areas.     

绿色公路评价指标体系及评价方法

为增强绿色公路评价对于公路项目建设管理的决策支撑作用,在对绿色公路管理与技术现状调研的基础上,选取涵盖公路规划设计与建设运营过程的3类、10个子类的20个强制性评价指标,以及7类、31个子类的76个选择性评分指标,构建了绿色公路评价指标体系,并明确了各指标适用的建设阶段、公路等级等条件;综合考虑地方绿色发展、地区资源禀赋、专业技术等特征,采用主客观赋权法确定分层指标权重;通过调研分析专业技术领域面临的问题,结合国内外相关问题的解决措施,设计了指标的评分标准。最后,以湖北省嘉鱼—通城高速公路为例,利用所建评价体系与方法进行项目建设的试评价,评价结果能有效反映公路建设的成效与不足,表明该指标体系具有一定的合理性和实用性。     

船闸引航道长波波动对人字闸门影响研究

从船闸灌泄水非恒定流对闸室与引航道水力特性的影响出发,通过物理模型试验观测了引航道的波动形态、波动水力特性;探讨了闸首处最大水面升降与最大流量、引航道长度的关系;分析了闸室超高（降）与引航道水面升降对人字闸门的影响。结果表明调平闸室与上下游水位后,人字闸门的内侧（闸室）承受惯性水头,外侧（引航道）承受水面周期升降,人字闸门承受正反水头的作用,该水头呈抵消趋势,所以引航道水面升降有助于反向水头的减小。同时,讨论了惯性超高（降）改善措施、引航道水面波动的利弊及对集中输水系统船闸人字闸门的影响。     

Quantifying sustainable strategies for the construction of highway pavements in Illinois

The environmental and economic burdens of various pavement construction strategies are evaluated in this study. A partial life-cycle approach was used to determine the environmental and economic benefits of asphalt concrete and Portland concrete mix designs as well as pavement-related pay items. Approximately 920 designs were assessed to determine the upstream energy consumption and global warming potential (GWP) of producing these mixes. In general, it was found that transportation hauling distances as well as asphalt binder type and production imposed the greatest variability on the environmental and economic costs of the mixes. In many cases, these variabilities were seen to reduce some of the benefits from using increased recycled content. A similar analysis was performed for pay items where it was found that the contribution of environmental and economic impacts to a project followed a trend with upper pavement layers having the greatest impact, followed by subsequently lower layers, and finally earth exaction and preparation. A cost effectiveness (CE) analysis was then conducted for 18 sustainable strategies, the majority of which had, on average, cost savings as well as environmental savings for both energy and GWP at the mix design level. Overall, this study systematically used common reference units (i.e., mix designs and pay items) from the industry to assess general trends, inconsistencies, and implications from using sustainable strategies in pavement construction.     

A simulation-based vessel-truck coordination strategy for lighterage terminals

Lighterage contributes significantly to the maritime industry since thousand tons of necessary supplies have to be delivered to mother vessels anchored near sea every day. A single lighter waits to receive cargoes from multiple suppliers at the berth, while the trucks wait for their turns to enter the terminal. Due to the limited space, the terminal operation becomes vulnerable to the lack of coordination of their arrivals. In this study, despite a traditional industry, we are interested in applying the emerging technologies to improve the operation efficiency. We develop a simulation-based coordination strategy to construct coordinated schedules for both the lighters and suppliers to reduce congestions in the lighterage terminal The discrete event simulation model is developed based on understanding the real-world terminal in Singapore, and the controlled arrival method, determining coordinated arrival schedules of trucks, is introduced and embedded to the simulation model. The simulation model is tuned up with a benchmark setting of 6-month historical data. To find the optimal strategy, an advanced bi-objective simulation optimization algorithm is employed. According to our findings, the proposed strategy could significantly improve the efficiency of both lighters and trucks in various indicators. At the end, a mobile application prototype is proposed to deliver the coordinated schedules to different parties, and improve the communication between parties.