考虑交通环境影响的封闭小区开放决策研究

封闭小区的开放可以增加城市道路网密度，缓解交通拥堵，但目前封闭小区开放方案的决策方式单一，且未考虑开放后给小区带来的汽车尾气和交通噪声污染问题。将交通环境影响纳入考量范围，以行程时间、尾气排放和交通噪声构成的总目标费用函数值最小作为优化目标。引入封闭小区是否开放、单双行和限速这3种决策方式，建立上层系统费用最优和下层用户均衡的封闭小区开放双层决策模型，并利用遗传算法和Frank-Wolfe算法分别对上、下层模型进行求解。 对模型优化效果进行验证分析，结果表明，所建模型最优解的费用值相对偏差为0.67%，应用此模型后同比节省费用平均值为11.80%。对比分析得到：合理设置封闭小区开放的3种决策方式，可 以减少车辆行程时间和绕行距离，降低出行者的出行费用和考虑交通环境影响的附加费用，且采取相对较高的限速值有利于降低出行总费用值。     

基于POA理论的高职大学英语教学模式研究

针对高职大学英语职业导向的课程教学改革需求,构建基于产出导向法理论体系,融合知识传授、职业能力培养和思想政治教育的"三教一体"高职大学英语教学模式,并从四方面对其具体实施进行详细阐述。一是教学目标,从语言知识传授、职业能力培养和思想政治教育三个维度制定整体教学目标,突出职业导向;二是教学设计,依据未来岗位和职业发展需求设计实践项目,并依照产出导向的"驱动—促成—评价"流程贯穿教学全过程,提升职业能力;三是教学内容,有机融合深化职业理想和职业道德教育的课程思政,培养职业品格;四是教学实施,分课前、课中和课后三个阶段达成教学目标,落实职业培养。     

Transit technology investment and selection under urban population volatility: A real option perspective

This paper addresses transit technology investment issues under urban population volatility using a real option approach. Two important problems are investigated: which transit technology should be selected and when should it be introduced. A real option model is proposed to incorporate explicitly the effects of transit technology investment on urban spatial structure in terms of households’ residential location choices and housing market. The trigger population thresholds for investing in a transit technology project and for shifting from a transit technology to another are explored analytically. Comparative static analyses of the urban system and transit technology investment are also carried out. It was found that (i) transit technology investment can induce urban sprawl; (ii) ignoring the effects of transit technology investment on urban spatial equilibrium can lead to a late investment; and (iii) there is a significant difference in the trigger population thresholds for transit technology shift estimated by the net present value approach and the real option approach.     

Voyage-based statistical fuel consumption models of ocean-going container ships in Korea

ABSTRACT

Accurately estimating fuel consumption of ships is crucial for shipping companies, port authorities, and environmental protection agencies. The bottom-up approach is becoming increasingly popular because it can estimate ship fuel consumption by accounting for ship activity conditions, such as changes in voyage speed, time, and distance; however, its use is still limited when estimating ship fuel consumption. Ship-specific information, such as the daily fuel consumption rate for main and auxiliary engines for every vessel, is expensive to gather, and generally not collected from private shipping companies. To address this research gap, we develop simplified and composite ship fuel consumption models for ocean-going container ships by size using a regression model. To estimate the fuel consumption models for container ships, we rely on ship activity data, including average speed and sailing time, distance, and actual fuel consumption for main and auxiliary engines. This information is obtained from a major container shipping company in Korea. We estimate and validate the parameters associated with fuel consumption for five different container ship sizes, all of which are smaller than the Post-Panamax container ship (15,000 TEU and above).     

Fluid-structure interaction and stress analysis of a floating wind turbine

In this paper, we describe a method to investigate the fluid-structure interaction of a floating wind turbine and to analyze the global deformations and the corresponding stresses with a detailed finite element model. To solve the fluid-structure interaction problem, a partitioned approach is chosen. The in-house C++ library comana, which was developed to solve multi-physic problems by coupling existing solvers, is extended to couple the fluid solver panMARE and the structural solver ANSYS. The significance of the interaction of structural deformations and the fluid loads is pointed out for the rotor of the wind turbine. In order to enable the use of a detailed finite element model in the fluid-structure interaction simulation, a model reduction method is applied in ANSYS. As a result, an efficient stress analysis can be performed under consideration of the fluid-structure interaction.     

某越野车车架拓扑优化设计

拓扑优化技术能在给定的设计空间内寻求最佳的材料分布。根据某越野车车架的实际尺寸建立其三维拓扑优化设计空间,以车架质量分数为约束条件,车架柔度最小为目标函数,对车架的弯曲工况进行了单工况拓扑优化设计,并针对这一工况选择不同的优化参数进行了多次优化计算,得到了一组相似的拓扑结构,分析并选择合适的拓扑优化参数。应用得到的拓扑优化参数,基于折衷规划的多目标拓扑优化设计方法,针对汽车使用情况选择合适的工况权重因子,对车架进行了3种工况下的多目标拓扑优化设计研究。     

基于过程方法的高职“机械制造工艺”课程教学过程的构建与实施

根据过程方法的内容要求,将高职"机械制造工艺"课程教学过程的构建与实施分为四个步骤,即课程教学目标与教学要求的确定,课程教学内容、方法、资源的选择和确定,课程考核内容与方法的选取,课程教学记录要求的确定,并对课程教学过程的构建与实施结果进行监控与改进。     

湘江土谷塘航电枢纽车江坝址通航水流条件分析

采用delft 3d技术,建立了湘江土谷塘车江坝址河段二维正交曲线水流数学模型.计算中,首先采用天然实测资料对模型进行率定,通过有关参数调整,使数值计算成果与天然实测资料达到精度要求.利用率定好的模型,模拟了湘江土谷塘航电枢纽车江坝址河段9种典型泄流方式的水流情况,分析了各泄流方式的河道流速分布特征,给出了引航道口门区...     

Percolation phenomenon in connected vehicle network through a multi-agent approach: Mobility benefits and market penetration

This paper presents an integrated multi-agent approach, coupled with percolation theory and network science, to measure the mobility impacts (i.e., mean travel time of the system) of connected vehicle (CVtio) network at varying levels of market penetration rate. We capture the characteristics of a CV network, i.e., node degree distribution, vehicular clustering, and giant component size to verify the existence of percolation phenomenon, and further connect the emergence of mobility benefits to the percolation phase transition in the CV network. We show the percolation phase transition properties to appear in a dynamic CV network with time-correlated link and node dynamics. An analytical framework was developed to evaluate the CV network attributes with varying market penetrations (MP) and connection ranges (CR) to identify percolation phenomenon in a mixed CV and Non-CV environment. In addition, a multi-agent CV simulation platform was created to further measure (1) how varying MPs and CRs affect the network-wide mobility measured by the mean travel time of the network; and (2) when percolation transition occurs in CV network to capture the critical MP and CR. Percolation phenomenon in CV network was further validated with the analytical assessments. The results show that (1) percolation phase transition phenomenon is a function of both market penetration and communication range; (2) percolation phase transitions in both mobility and CV network are highly correlated; (3) the application can reduce the average travel time of the system by up to 20% with reasonable market penetration and communication range; (4) critical market penetration is sensitive to communication range, and vice versa; (5) at least 70% of the CVs on the network are required to show in the same cluster for mobility benefits to appear; and (6) for high levels of MP or CR, a low probability of connectivity (PC) does not dramatically change the mean travel time. These results provide solid supports to create evidence-driven frameworks to guide future CV deployment and CV network analysis.     

An energy-efficient scheduling approach to improve the utilization of regenerative energy for metro systems

Regenerative braking is an energy recovery mechanism that converts the kinetic energy during braking into electricity, also known as regenerative energy. In general, most of the regenerative energy is transmitted backward along the pantograph and fed back into the overhead contact line. To reduce the trains’ energy consumption, this paper develops a scheduling approach to coordinate the arrivals and departures of all trains located in the same electricity supply interval so that the energy regenerated from braking trains can be more effectively utilized to accelerate trains. Firstly, we formulate an integer programming model with real-world speed profiles to minimize the trains’ energy consumption with dwell time control. Secondly, we design a genetic algorithm and an allocation algorithm to find a good solution. Finally, we present numerical examples based on the real-life operation data from the Beijing Metro Yizhuang Line in Beijing, China. The results show that the proposed scheduling approach can reduce energy consumption by 6.97% and save about 1,054,388 CNY (or 169,223 USD) each year in comparison with the current timetable. Compared to the cooperative scheduling (CS) approach, the proposed scheduling approach can improve the utilization of regenerative energy by 36.16% and reduce the total energy consumption by 4.28%.