古代礼俗文体的特性及其相关问题初探

中国古代文体与礼俗关系密切,主要表现集体文化意识而非个体的艺术想象和创造,遂构成独具特色的文体系统。礼俗文体凭借语言的释义功能以及独特的形象声韵、篇章节奏等附加特性,发挥着解释礼义和装饰仪程等作用。礼俗文体是历史活体,得体、合礼是其文体共性要求,但在文体的动态流变中,也有一些作品溢出规范,遂引发正体与讹(乖)体的争议。礼俗文体研究当从单纯的考据、简单的文本认知引申到对相关文化机制、历史沿革等更复杂、更多元的解释上来。     

The attraction of countryside sites

The distribution of car trips to countryside sites, though primarily dependent upon accessibility, is also a function of the site attraction. This paper describes an attempt to assess attraction in numerical terms drawing upon techniques used by the geographer and the transportation planner. It is based on a behavioural model in which excursion rates and travel times of visitors to countryside sites were obtained by questionnaire surveys in the West Midlands region.

A method is established for determining sequentially the relative attraction of pairs of sites through plotting excursion rate ratios and the respective travel time ratios for common visitor origins; therefrom, for a travel time ratio of unity, the relative excursion rates can be found. Further investigation suggested that site extensiveness contributes to attraction in proportion to the square root of the area. Relative intrinsic attractiveness—essentially land form and mantle—can be determined using a points scoring system. These two components when combined with the accessibility component enables a site distribution factor to be obtained.

The application of distribution factors is demonstrated in relation to an existing attractor system and one origin zone; the effects of the introdction of a new site into this system is postulated; both cases above having real life parallels. Agreement between observed and synthesized excursion rates was within the range ±10 to 20 percent.     

有关桥涵等构造物的台背处理探析

结合实践经验,分析桥涵等构造物的台背一般性处理,介绍桥涵台背及其构造物的回填方法,并对桥涵等构造物的台背处理方法进行研究,可供同行参考。     

Transferability of standardized regres Person-based approach sion model applied to person-based trip generation

In this paper, the transferability of person-based standardized regression models is analysed using two large-scale origin-destination household surveys with data collected in two Brazilian cities, Sa~o Paulo and Bauru. The models are specified in terms of dummy variables linked to socio-economic attributes which are considered relevant. A model, having home-based daily trips as a dependent variable, is calibrated according to data from the Sa~o Paulo Metropolitan Area and transferred to Bauru, and vice-versa. The transferability of the models is evaluated using the Wald test, which is an objective test applicable to two samples presenting different variances. According to the test, only standardized regression models are transferable. In addition, the performance of the models to estimate the number of trips generated in every zone of the urban areas is verified. The results indicate that the performance of standardized regression models is equivalent to the locally calibrated model.     

Criteria for Evaluating the Design of Implementation Models for Integrated Coastal Management

Despite the emphasis placed on the contextual nature of integrated coastal management (ICM) implementation in the literature, many uniformities are encountered in ICM implementation worldwide. In this article the tangled threads of ICM practice are unravelled and a theoretically founded set of criteria for evaluating the design of ICM implementation models is provided. First, paradigms in integrated environmental management (IEM) implementation, the broader domain within which ICM practice is nested, are characterized in terms of their key concepts. Next, the paradigms are used as a mechanism to distill uniformities in ICM practice as reported in review articles. Finally a set of fourteen building blocks against which the scientific credibility of contextual, country-specific ICM implementation models can be validated, is generated by translating the theory-based characterization into evaluation criteria readily accessible to practitioners.     

Nonlinear Euler–Bernoulli beam kinematics in progressive collapse analysis based on the Smith's approach

Within the scope of this article a nonlinear kinematics of the two-dimensional, non-shear-deformable and extensible Euler–Bernoulli beam imposed with the planar flexure and/or lengthening/shortening is considered. The complete and exact formulations of the pertinent kinematic response quantities (displacements, curvature and strain) are derived and discussed. Special emphasis is given to the case of the symmetric bending devoid of the external longitudinal force action, since it represents an appropriate idealization of the realistic load cases for the most of the ship and aircraft structures. The relationship between proposed and conventional formulations, i.e. those commonly accepted in the current structural engineering practice and employed by the current progressive collapse analysis methods based on Smith's approach, is discussed throughout the article and illustratively exemplified through the case of the pure symmetric bending of the Euler–Bernoulli cantilever. Finally, implications of the derived formulations pertinent to the progressive collapse analysis methods based on the Smith's approach are discussed.     

唐山港京唐港区20万t级航道工程建设方案的研究

唐山港京唐港区20万t级进港航道是在我国粉沙质海岸上建成的最大规模的人工航道。针对本港区20万t级进港航道前期研究、设计和建设实施中遇到的主要技术问题,如航道选线、主尺度设计、防沙堤口门布置、航道13门段的泥沙骤淤和横流等．进行深入细致的分析研究并提出解决方案。本工程的成功建设对在泥沙运动机理较为复杂的粉沙质海岸上建设高等级航道具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Development of early warning index in Korean shipping industry by using signal approach

ABSTRACT

The study aims to investigate and prevent shipping companies’ insolvency that can be derived from depressed market sentiment in the shipping industry. For this purpose, the paper focuses on developing an early warning index. The main factors that contribute to the change in the shipping industry are derived. Sixty independent variables were accounted in the development of early warning index, some of which are shipping, shipbuilding, and finance. Suggestions drew from the result of early warning index are described as below. Firstly, the results of a signal approach towards independent variables showed lowest the signal error value in newbuilding price of containership, bunker price, Commodity Research Bureau (CRB) commodity index, and order book of bulkship. These indicators have proven to be a high level of variation factor during shipping markets’ crisis. Secondly, the early warning index confirmed that it preceded by 6 months compared to probability of default. Thirdly, in order to validate the accuracy of the early warning index, the adequacy of the model was tested using a mean square error and time lag correlations. As a result of the verification, value proved to be at a high level of compliance at 0.097.     

小溪滩枢纽通航建筑物平面优化布置

依托小溪滩枢纽整体物理模型试验和遥控自航船模试验,针对该枢纽坝址所处喇叭形微弯河段,提出船闸坝上非正交布置形式,较好地解决了弯曲河道引航道与河道主流衔接困难的问题,为弯曲河段船闸布置困难及已建工程增建船闸提出了一种新的布置方法。