外来务工人员聚居村社区建设中互动参与模式的思考

外来务工人员聚居村社区建设中存在多方利益相关者,主要有政府、村委会、雇主、社区居民。各方虽有不同的利益诉求,却是一荣俱荣、一损俱损的利益共同体。但遗憾的是,在社区建设中,彼此却未能求同存异,亲密合作。社区建设潜藏着社会不平等、不稳定等因素。本文主张,各利益主体应本着平等、互助的精神,实行政府引导,村委会负责,雇主协同,社区居民参与的互动参与模式,整合社区分散的力量,形成合力,共建和谐社区。     

A Network Perspective on Spatially Clustered Territorial Use Rights for Fishers (TURFs) in Vietnam

Co-managed territorial use rights for fishers (TURFs) have shown promise for small-scale fisheries management. The territorial use rights help clarify access and ownership rights, while co-management arrangements create formal relationships between fishers and government. However, there is limited research into the governance processes that influence the interactions and complementarities of TURF zones that are clustered together. In a network of 16 co-managed TURFs in the Cau Hai lagoon, Vietnam, we analyzed management decentralization and the relationship between spatial and networked (social) proximity. Our findings draw attention to several broad lessons for co-managed TURFs: (1) TURFs may operate as isolated silos if co-management agreements do not address relationships among TURF leaders; (2) spatial proximity does not automatically translate to social proximity; and (3) leaders of individuals TURFs need capacity for communication and coordination with other local fisheries leaders. These findings highlight the importance of consideration to the ways that TURF design and implementation influences the relationships and collaboration between fishers, government officials, and other actors.     

城市交通治理政策研究综述与展望

城市交通治理是公共治理的重要内容，推进城市交通治理体系和治理能力现代化是建设 交通强国的重要组成部分，也是提升城市竞争力、满足人民对美好生活向往的重要支撑。随着互 联网+、大数据及共享经济的发展，传统的城市交通治理政策和模式已难以适应城市交通快速发 展的需要，新技术的发展为城市交通治理能力的提升带来了机遇和挑战。本文对国内外城市交 通治理的内涵和目标、城市交通治理政策决策方法、城市交通治理政策评价等研究进行系统的归 纳和梳理，分析评述城市交通治理政策决策从城市交通管理、公众参与下的交通治理到城市交通 治理现代化的演变，指出新时代城市交通治理模式的变革，评述城市交通治理政策评价模型和方 法。最后，展望了我国城市交通治理政策的研究趋势：一是从利益相关者角度分析城市交通治理 不同主体的利益需求，探究多元主体参与城市交通治理的动力机制、主体之间的互动和耦合机 制；二是探索智慧信息下城市交通时空动态演化及治理模式，剖析智慧信息下交通出行的决策行 为及演化机理；三是建立城市交通合作治理集成平台，快速、高效地整合不同主体意见，形成有价 值的政策建议；四是建立城市交通治理政策仿真和评价模型，量化评估城市交通治理政策的实施 效果，得到公众对城市交通治理政策的接受度和满意度。     

Corporatisation and Performance: A Literature Review and an Analysis of the Performance Effects of the Corporatisation of Port of Rotterdam Authority

Abstract

The ongoing process of port reform has led to an increasing number of publicly owned but corporatised port authorities (PAs). The performance effects of corporatisation have been analysed, for example, for the airports industry, often showing positive effects. This paper reviews the literature on port reform and the relationship between port governance structures and performance. It also presents a first case study on the effects of corporatisation of PAs, namely for the Port of Rotterdam Authority, a publicly owned but corporatised port development company. In 2004, this organisation was transformed from a municipal department to an independently operating company. The performance indicators to evaluate the effect of this corporatisation include market share, turnover, operating costs, profits, and investments. These indicators are evaluated for two periods, one prior to the corporatisation (1997–2003) and the other afterwards (2005–11). The comparison of these two periods shows that corporatisation has led to significant improvements of all performance indicators. The findings derived from this case study are relevant for the ongoing discussion on port governance models.     

Viewpoint: The Social Dimension in Icelandic Fisheries Governance

Fisheries are a complex mixture of social, political, economic, and biological aspects, and often biological or economic end goals are given priority in fisheries governance. However, there is a growing trend around the world to include non-economic social objectives in fisheries management schemes, e.g., supporting rural communities, increasing opportunities for newcomers or part-time fishermen, or providing equitable access for culturally and historically important fisheries. In Iceland, fisheries management has given biological and economic goals' precedence over social goals, and there is no formal inclusion of a social science advisory body or formalized direct input from all relevant stakeholders in the fisheries governance process. Non-economic social sciences such as geography, anthropology, sociology, and political science can add important information and considerations that in turn make fisheries more sustainable in the long run. In this paper, we explain the role of social science in fisheries governance, explore how social aspects are addressed in other fisheries governance schemes, and review highlights from fisheries social science research in Iceland. We hope to generate a meaningful conversation regarding the possibilities of a modern, pioneering fisheries' governance process in Iceland where social, economic, and biological goals and research are all given equal attention.     

Analysis and Potential Alternatives for the Disputed South China Sea from Ocean Governance in the Polar Regions

Sovereignty claims over insular features and maritime jurisdiction in the South China Sea have been disputed for decades, and a governance regime to address ocean-related issues is urgently needed. This article first introduces the notion of a regime, and examines details of cooperation mechanisms in the Polar Regions. Lessons that can be applied to the South China Sea include that both soft and hard law regimes work to bring States concerned together to cooperate on the “commons” issues even when military conflicts or sovereignty disputes still exist. Consensus among bordering States would be necessary to make the South China Sea a “zone of peace.” Mechanisms that accommodate the various sovereignty claims and freeze existing and new claims to, as well as to prohibit military activities in, the South China Sea are recommended. Lastly, if a cooperative mechanism were to be established in the future, the Arctic regime would be more applicable to the South China Sea than the Antarctic regime due to their geographic nature. Thus, only States bordering the South China Sea should have voting and decision-making rights in the cooperative mechanism. As always, the political will of all parties is paramount to the success of such an endeavor.     

功能治理模式在宜昌沙河项目中的应用

城中河湖的治理模式经历了由末端治理向综合治理、系统治理发展的历程。为适应"水清、岸绿、景美、城优"的环境治理新要求,在上述治理模式的基础上提出了功能治理概念,其优势在于将传统的河湖污染治理与城市发展及市民需求相结合,使环境治理由生态化向人文化转变。该模式在宜昌沙河项目中得到了充分应用,结果表明:对城中河湖而言,以恢复河流相应的城市职能为目标的功能治理模式较单纯的以水质理化指标为治理目标的传统模式有显著的优势。     

重点治理河段抛泥区选址分析

以长江下游重点治理及维护河段福姜沙河段为例,通过分析福姜沙各汊道航道碍航特性及治理思路,提出将疏浚弃土抛卸于淤积对航道条件有利的整治守护区,可促进航道整治效果的发挥,丰富了疏浚弃土的处理途径,具有应用推广意义。     

关于交通运输行政管理问题的思考

交通运输行政管理,是各级交通运输主管部门履行职能的重要内容,也是推进交通运输治理能力现代化的重要手段。以推进交通运输治理体系和治理能力现代化为视角,从我国交通运输行政治理体系和治理能力存在的问题为切入点,分析了交通运输行政管理面临的形势,从交通运输现代治理体系建设、政策法规体系的完善、市场准入制度和退出机制分析、执法行为的规范化等方面提出了新形势下加强和创新交通运输行政管理的政策建议。     

废弃电子产品逆向物流组织治理模式研究

分析了市场和科层两种传统治理模式及其对废弃电子产品逆向物流组织治理影响。在此基础上,结合市场治理模式和科层治理模式的优缺点,应用供需网（SDN）理念,提出了废弃电子产品逆向物流组织的事件驱动契约型治理模式,并给出概念、特征及其运作过程。最后,比较了传统治理模式和事件驱动契约型治理模式。研究表明：在回收再利用效率、企业自身发展、企业可接受程度和社会效益等方面,废弃电子产品逆向物流组织的事件驱动契约型治理模式较传统治理模式具有一定优势。