基于近似曲率的铁路既有线纵断面分段算法

纵断面线形的精确分段是后续铁路线路优化调整的基础。针对现有方法自动分段效果差且精度低的缺点,研究一种能够实现线形精确自动分段的算法。首先,在对比各种方法的基础上,提出一种基于测点近似曲率的线形自动分段算法,针对铁路竖曲线弧径比过小易导致的拟合病态问题,采用基于半径确定的最小二乘算法进行圆心精确定位,以提高分段点的精度。经实测数据验证该算法能自动化识别特征点位置,且具有更高的精度。     

基于冻胀变形的基床表层疲劳寿命预测与分析

季节冻土区的铁路建设面临着路基冻胀问题,周期性的循环冻融作用将会加剧路基结构的破坏,从而缩短路基结构的使用寿命。根据基床表层冻胀变形结果,建立基于人工变形边界的应力计算模型,并引用半刚性基层材料疲劳寿命计算公式,分别计算不同水泥添加量下的基床表层的使用寿命。计算结果表明:基床表层的最大拉弯应力随着冻胀波长的不断增大和冻胀量的不断减小而呈现增大的趋势,水泥添加量为0、1%、3%、5%时,对应的基床表层冻胀变形所导致的基床表层最大拉弯应力分别为31.2、57.6、69.0、75.1 k Pa;随着水泥添加量的增加,基床表层的使用寿命不断提高,水泥添加量分别为1%、3%、5%时,基床表层的使用寿命相较于不添加水泥的情况分别增加了27%、36%、48%。     

地铁高架车站形式类比及其适应性研究

地铁高架车站作为地面建筑,周边情况复杂,限制因素多,其对城市的影响也比地下车站大。为解决地铁高架车站在设计过程中,车站不同形式对用地、道路、客流、景观等多种因素的适应性问题,通过对地铁高架车站周边地块及道路对车站形式的影响入手,再深入到不同功能需求下车站本身的站型及内部公共区布置形式,利用分析法得出各类型高架车站的特点,总结出不同类型车站对不同外部条件及功能的适应性,得出适应常见条件因素的优选方案。旨在为地铁高架车站设计工作中快速准确地形成方案提供参考。     

EFFECT OF EPIMEDIUM FLAVONE TOTAL(EFT) ON THE IMMUNOFUNCTION OF EHRLICH ASCITES CANCER(EAC) BEARING MICE

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政府投资高速公路计价依据比较研究

高速公路作为投资大，建设周期长，回报率不高的公益性基础设施项目，决定了国家投入应是建设资金的主渠道，因此科学、合理、完善的政府投资高速公路计价依据十分重要。然而我国目前计价依据主要还是建立在计划时代条件下原有的定额体系的基础上，没有形成与工程量清单相适应的计价依据体系，而且工程定额的更新速度很慢，很难反应目前高速公路工程建设市场的实际情况。通过分析发达国家投资高速公路计价依据，从中参考一些值得借鉴的内容，进而对我国政府投资高速公路计价依据改革提出了几点建议。     

Influence of polygonal wear of railway wheels on the wheel set axle stress

The coupled vehicle/track dynamic model with the flexible wheel set was developed to investigate the effects of polygonal wear on the dynamic stresses of the wheel set axle. In the model, the railway vehicle was modelled by the rigid multibody dynamics. The wheel set was established by the finite element method to analyse the high-frequency oscillation and dynamic stress of wheel set axle induced by the polygonal wear based on the modal stress recovery method. The slab track model was taken into account in which the rail was described by the Timoshenko beam and the three-dimensional solid finite element was employed to establish the concrete slab. Furthermore, the modal superposition method was adopted to calculate the dynamic response of the track. The wheel/rail normal forces and the tangent forces were, respectively, determined by the Hertz nonlinear contact theory and the Shen–Hedrick–Elkins model. Using the coupled vehicle/track dynamic model, the dynamic stresses of wheel set axle with consideration of the ideal polygonal wear and measured polygonal wear were investigated. The results show that the amplitude of wheel/rail normal forces and the dynamic stress of wheel set axle increase as the vehicle speeds rise. Moreover, the impact loads induced by the polygonal wear could excite the resonance of wheel set axle. In the resonance region, the amplitude of the dynamic stress for the wheel set axle would increase considerably comparing with the normal conditions.     

地基承载力的常用提法及其工程应用

地基承载力有多种提法,如容许承载力、极限承载力、承载力特征值、根据地基的荷载条件与土性指标计算的承载力、勘察单位在工程设计前提供的承载力等;明确各种地基承载力的工程意义,对应用是重要的.文章分析了获得各种常用承载力计算方法的前提条件,提出工程应用中应当注意的问题.对地基在垂直、水平荷载共同作用下的情况,给出了地基承载力的计算公式.为正确的应用各种提法的地基承载力提出了建议.     

沥青路面坑槽修补工艺的研究

分析沥青混凝土路面损坏原因及修补.     

Seasonality of picophytoplankton chlorophyll a and biomass in the central Cantabrian Sea, southern Bay of Biscay

Seasonal changes in the abundance and biomass of cyanobacteria (Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus) and picoeukaryotes were studied by flow cytometry in the upper layers of the central Cantabrian Sea continental shelf, from April 2002 to April 2006. The study area displayed the typical hydrographic conditions of temperate coastal zones. A marked seasonality of the relative contribution of prokaryotes and eukaryotes was found. While cyanobacteria were generally more abundant for most of the year (up to 2.4 10⁵ cells mL^− 1), picoeukaryotes dominated the community (up to 10⁴ cells mL^− 1) from February to May. The disappearance of Prochlorococcus from spring through summer is likely related to shifts in the prevailing current regime. The maximum total abundance of picophytoplankton was consistently found in late summer–early autumn. Mean photic-layer picoplanktonic chlorophyll a ranged from 0.06 to 0.53 µg L^− 1 with a relatively high mean contribution to total values (33 ± 2% SE), showing maxima around autumn and minima in spring. Biomass (range 0.58–40.16 mg C m^− 3) was generally dominated by picoeukaryotes (mean ± SE, 4.28 ± 0.27 mg C m^− 3) with an average contribution of cyanobacteria of 30 ± 2%. Different seasonality of pigment and biomass values resulted in a clear temporal pattern of picophytoplanktonic carbon to chlorophyll a ratio, which ranged from 10 (winter) to 140 (summer). This study highlights the important contribution of picoplanktonic chlorophyll a and carbon biomass in this coastal ecosystem.     

对船舶污染损害侵权责任及索赔主体问题的探讨

船舶污染事故是造成海洋环境污染损害的主要原因之一,建立完善的船舶污染损害索赔机制,保证受损方获得及时的赔偿,是恢复海洋环境、维护受害者利益所必须的。文中从民法的基本原理出发,对国家海域所有权、海域使用权等进行了论述,并按照民事侵权责任的承担原则,对索赔权利主体的确定等问题进行了探讨。