箱梁自锚式挂篮荷载试验浅析

文章结合某高速公路连续刚构特大桥挂篮荷载试验工程案例,于常规方法之外,探讨利用已浇筑梁段前端为反力锚固点的新型实用的挂篮荷载试验方法。     

混凝土连续梁桥分段施工技术研究及其特点分析

混凝土连续梁桥的分段施工方法有四种不同的类型,各种不同的类型都有其自身的特点。本文在详细论述四种分段施工方法的基础上,阐述了各方法的优缺点及其适用范围,为混凝土连续梁桥及相关类型桥梁的设计与施工提供了有益的参考。     

芜湖长江大桥裕溪河桥车桥耦合振动分析

采用空间杆系有限元方法,建立芜湖长江大桥裕溪河2×80 m连续钢桁梁桥的动力分析模型。计算得到其横向基频为2.097 Hz,与实测值1.95 Hz吻合良好,且满足现行《铁路桥梁检定规范》相应限值1.125Hz的要求。运用车桥空间耦合振动理论对该桥在实际运营列车作用下的车桥动力响应进行计算与分析,结果表明,在空载及空重混编货物列车以速度50~80 km.h-1通过时,桥梁的横向振幅达到4.5~8.1 mm,与实测值4.6~8.4 mm吻合良好,但超出《铁路桥梁检定规范》的限值,而脱轨系数小于0.8,轮重减载率小于0.6;当通过速度在70 km.h-1以下时,机车车辆平稳性达到“良”或“合格”。因此,该桥能够满足空载及空重混编货物列车以70 km.h-1及以下速度通过。     

Modeling techniques for periodic vehicle routing problems

This paper presents a continuous approximation model for the period vehicle routing problem with service choice (PVRP-SC). The PVRP-SC is a variant of the period vehicle routing problem in which the visit frequency to nodes is a decision of the model. This variation can result in more efficient vehicle tours and/or greater service benefit to customers. We present a continuous approximation model to facilitate strategic and tactical planning of periodic distribution systems and evaluate the value of service choice. Further, results from the continuous model can provide guidelines for constructing solutions to the discrete PVRP-SC.     

钢-混凝土连续组合铁路桥梁综合动力性能试验研究

通过对某客运专线的钢-混凝土连续组合板梁铁路桥和连续组合箱梁铁路桥的综合动力性能试验,测试在高速列车通过时钢-混凝土组合连续梁桥的自振特性、动挠度、竖横向振幅、竖横向加速度、墩顶横向振幅、支座位移、脱轨系数、轮重减载率和轨道力等动力响应和安全指标。采用车桥耦合振动理论对2座组合梁桥进行动力仿真分析,对桥梁的动力性能、试验列车运营的舒适性和安全性进行预测,结合已有相关规范,分析实测资料并综合评价2种类型组合梁铁路桥体系的各种性能。试验结果表明,在高速列车荷载作用下,2座组合梁桥梁体及墩身应力增量很小,支座位移也很小;实测梁体竖向自振频率符合相应的规范要求;在高速列车荷载作用下,梁体跨中挠度、横向振幅、竖横向加速度和墩顶横向振幅以及桥梁中跨跨中的脱轨系数、轮重减载率和轨道力符合相应的规范要求。     

剪力键布置方式对连续组合梁桥受力特性的影响

在连续组合梁桥中,剪力键的类型、布置范围和布置间距的差别将引起结构受力特性的差异。利用通用有限元软件MSC NASTRAN对连续组合梁桥结构进行了数值模拟(主要包括用弹簧单元和MPC单元模拟不同类型和抗剪刚度的剪力键,以及用GAP单元模拟负弯矩区混凝土板的开裂),计算了在不同剪力键布置方式下连续组合梁桥的内力分布和变形。通过对计算结果的分析比较,认为剪力键布置方式的不同导致界面处剪力分布、滑移分布、负弯矩区混凝土板中钢筋应力分布、挠度等的显著变化。尤其在连续组合梁桥负弯矩区配置柔性剪力键,可以大大降低混凝土板中钢筋的拉应力;不过,在柔性剪力键与跨中刚度较大的剪力键相交位置,会在刚性剪力键中产生很大的剪力集中,钢筋中也出现轻微的应力集中。因此,工程人员在连续组合梁桥结构设计过程中可以通过调整剪力键的布置方式,使其结构内力分布和变形更加合理。     

无缝线路稳定的铁摩辛柯能量法分析

利用铁摩辛柯能量法推导无缝线路稳定性计算公式。将轨道视为一根具有一定横向刚度铺设在连续弹性介质(道床)的有限长梁。在临界温度压力作用下,具有初始不平顺的钢轨产生微小的横向变形,且处于微弯平衡状态。根据钢轨应变能增量与外力功的改变相等,直接运用铁摩辛柯能量法,推导出临界温度压力计算公式,编写相应的计算程序,计算具体算例,获得与统一公式计算接近的结果。将曲线半径、道床横向阻力、弹性弯曲矢度、塑性弯曲矢度等参数取不同值代入计算程序,得出各种参数变化对无缝线路稳定性的影响。并据此提出线路养护工作中保证稳定的重要原则。     

铁路桥梁刚度描述方法

针对我国新建桥梁跨度和结构形式远远超出现有桥梁设计规范的适用条件,以及国内外桥梁刚度指标和取值存在较大差异,进行铁路桥梁刚度描述方法和预应力混凝土连续梁(刚构)桥刚度的限值研究。提出一种铁路桥梁刚度的统一描述方法,即采用设计荷载下的梁端处桥面(轨面)的横向、竖向转角和扭转角及非梁端处桥面(轨面)的横向、竖向转角和扭转角沿桥纵向的变化率(即曲率)描述桥梁刚度,并推导出大跨度铁路预应力混凝土连续梁(刚构)桥刚度设计参考限值。该方法不仅能方便描述简支梁的刚度问题,与现有规范相衔接,而且能描述规范所不能涵盖的大跨度桥梁和特殊桥梁结构的刚度问题。通过代表性桥梁的车桥系统动力响应计算分析,证明了统一描述方法的可行性和较好的统一性。     

A continuous-flow-intersection-lite design and traffic control for oversaturated bottleneck intersections

Oversaturation has become a severe problem for urban intersections, especially the bottleneck intersections that cause queue spillover and network gridlock. Further improvement of oversaturated arterial traffic using traditional mitigation strategies, which aim to improve intersection capacity by merely adjusting signal control parameters, becomes challenging since exiting strategies may (or already) have reached their “theoretical” limits of optimum. Under such circumstance, several novel unconventional intersection designs, including the well-recognized continuous flow intersection (CFI) design, are originated to improve the capacity at bottleneck intersections. However, the requirement of installing extra sub-intersections in a CFI design would increase vehicular stops and, more critically, is unacceptable in tight urban areas with closed spaced intersections. To address these issues, this research proposes a simplified continuous flow intersection (called CFI-Lite) design that is ideal for arterials with short links. It benefits from the CFI concept to enable simultaneous move of left-turn and through traffic at bottleneck intersections, but does not need installation of sub-intersections. Instead, the upstream intersection is utilized to allocate left-turn traffic to the displaced left-turn lane. It is found that the CFI-Lite design performs superiorly to the conventional design and regular CFI design in terms of bottleneck capacity. Pareto capacity improvement for every traffic stream in an arterial system can be achieved under effortless conditions. Case study using data collected at Foothill Blvd in Los Angeles, CA, shows that the new design is beneficial in more than 90% of the 408 studied cycles. The testing also shows that the average improvements of green bandwidths for the synchronized phases are significant.     

预应力混凝土连续梁裂缝分析及控制

通过分析预应力混凝土连续梁桥在施工和使用过程中出现的一些主要裂缝产生的原因,针对性地提出了预防和控制裂缝的措施。