Workshop 4: Designing contracts/concessions: What has worked and what has not and why?: 12th International Conference Series on Competition and Ownership in Land Passenger Transport

A contract establishes a mutual relationship between an authority and an operator. From the point of view of the authority, it is a tactical level mechanism to achieve the strategic objectives of government. Management of contractors translate the requirements of contracts into operational practices to guide the day-to-day work of staff for the delivery of services. Much can go wrong with contracts for the provision of public transport services. Workshop participants identified and ranked 25 potential risk factors. The five most important factors, which relate to objectives, tender assessment, allocation of risks, financial viability and dispute management, were examined drawing on the 11 papers presented to the workshop. Matters that work, that do not and would make the most difference to the success of contracts were identified.     

浅谈施工过程中的设计变更

对公路工程施工阶段工程设计变更的原因进行了分析,并且对变更设计的程序和方法提出了一些建议,对公路工程施工合同管理具有指导意义。     

满洲里国际货场铁路EPC项目合同风险管理探讨

铁路工程EPC项目包括设计、采购、施工和试运行直至竣工移交的全套服务,建设周期长,不可预见风险多,其中费用风险就是承包合同中的一种主要风险。如何在签订工程总承包合同前充分识别存在的各种风险因素,并进行评价,此文以满洲里国际货场铁路工程EPC项目为例,进行分析与研究,并针对识别出的各类风险因素和评价,提出进行管理和控制的应对措施。     

鹿特丹规则对保价运输的启发

介绍承运人责任制度必要性和现状。分析鹿特丹规则中承运人责任的变化：扩大承运人责任期间、取消承运人航海过失免责和火灾过失免责、延伸承运人适航义务、提高承运人赔偿责任限额、增加了承运人的管货义务。提出铁路保价运输发展的建议：提高安全生产水平和运输服务水平、适时完善保价法规、加强信息化建设,促进铁路保价运输的长远发展。     

工程量清单计价模式下的合同管理研究

在招投标阶段,运用工程量清单计价办法确立的合同价款需要在施工过程中得到实施控制。而实现以项目为中心的施工合同协调管理,建立以合同管理为核心的项目管理体系,是提高项目管理水平的关键。文章基于施工合同管理中出现的风险分配和计价方式问题,提出工程量计价模式下的工程合同价款的约定事项、调整思路及效率优先的施工合同争议处理思路。     

Analyzing the gap between the QOS demanded by PT users and QOS supplied by service operators

This research evaluated the effectiveness of tendered bus public transportation (PT) in improving the attractiveness of that service in order to promote sustainable mobility. This was accomplished by characterizing the gap between the quality of service (QOS) supplied by contract regimes and that which is demanded by passengers. Analysis of a customer satisfaction survey aimed at bus users provided insight into their ranking of 14 QOS parameters while 13 active service contracts were analyzed for their impact on QOS. In-depth interviews with relevant experts completed the complex narrative that is Israel’s policy of privatization in PT. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses helped identify those QOS parameters most in demand by passengers and impacted by contracts. The results show that the gap is minimal, high demand parameters receive increased priority in contracts. In addition this research documented an evolution in the method contracts employed to provide QOS. Late model contracts define an increasingly higher minimum QOS; but also strongly limit the operator’s ability to make service changes. This is a trend which should improve QOS in Israel but reduce the incentive for operator enacted QOS initiatives. Despite its obvious success to date, it might be time to change again the contract regime for the provision of competitive bus services in Israel.     

浅析施工合同的风险与防范

文章对工程施工合同风险的存在、成因进行分析,提出防范合同风险的方法及途径,为工程合同管理中如何规避风险提供借鉴。     

铁路建设工程招标与合同管理风险控制研究

铁路工程建设实施施工招标以来,对项目的有效开展发挥了积极的作用。但在合同签订和履行过程中,如果考虑不周和管理不善会存在相关风险。此文在阐述不同招标方式带来的利弊,不同合同类型存在的管理难度,设计和造价管理存在的管理难度的基础上,通过分析与研究,提出在工程招标和合同管理中可采取的控制风险的有效措施,以期降低存在的风险和造成的损失。     

Paying for performance: Uncertainty, asymmetric information and the payment model

Privatisation has led to a growing interest in more complex contractual forms designed to give public transport operators the incentives for effort that maximise value for money. Contract theory provides a rich research basis for selecting an appropriate contractual form, with an emphasis on the effects of uncertainty and asymmetric information. To date, however, there have been few applications of contract theory in the field of transport. This paper identifies the key empirical results from the multi-disciplinary literature to help transport researchers and practitioners place contractual decision-making in the broader theoretical context, suggesting aspects of transport contracting that merit future research.     

高速公路工程建设合同管理

对高速公路工程建设合同管理存在的问题、合同的作用及合同管理规范化的必要性做了较详细的阐述,并结合实践经验提出了高速公路工程项目中的合同管理措施。