快速公交系统评价指标体系构建及案例分析

本文在构建BRT系统评价指标体系的基础上,以北京已建的三条BRT线路为评价案例,重点分析和总结了BRT系统建设和运营中的经验,望能提供有益参考.     

Integrating bus services with mixed fleets

Conventional bus service (with fixed routes and schedules) has lower average cost than flexible bus service (with demand-responsive routes) at high demand densities. At low demand densities flexible bus service has lower average costs and provides convenient door-to-door service. Bus size and operation type are related since larger buses have lower average cost per passenger at higher demand densities. The operation type and other decisions are jointly optimized here for a bus transit system connecting a major terminal to local regions. Conventional and flexible bus sizes, conventional bus route spacings, areas of service zones for flexible buses, headways, and fleet sizes are jointly optimized in multi-dimensional nonlinear mixed integer optimization problems. To solve them, we propose a hybrid approach, which combines analytic optimization with a Genetic Algorithm. Numerical analysis confirms that the proposed method provides near-optimal solutions and shows how the proposed Mixed Fleet Variable Type Bus Operation (MFV) can reduce total cost compared to alternative operations such as Single Fleet Conventional Bus (SFC), Single Fleet Flexible Bus (SFF), Mixed Fleet Conventional Bus (MFC) and Mixed Fleet Flexible Bus (MFF). With consistent system-wide bus sizes, capital costs are reduced by sharing fleets over times and over regions. The sensitivity of results to several important parameters is also explored.     

客车前风挡玻璃粘接力计算分析

随着客车技术的渐渐成熟,人们对客车的安全系数有了越来越高的要求。尤其对于在公路上高速行驶的客车来说,安全因素是考虑的首要因素。以下针对客车前风挡玻璃在高速行驶,紧急制动情况下受力状态加以阐明。     

通道式客车瞬间转向失控成因分析

本文从转向运动学的角度,对通道式客车发生瞬间转向失控的形成原因进行了分析,并提出了防止的方法与措施.     

公交场站利用地热能供暖及制冷的实践与分析

对北京公交集团老旧公交场站办公区及生活区供暖制冷方式进行改造,将原冬季燃油锅炉供暖和夏季分体式空調制冷方式改造为地埋管地源热泵系统,为场站的办公区及生活区冬季供暖和夏季制冷提供更好的方式,并达到节能减排的目的.     

公交车辆班次供应智能监管技术浅析

上海市城市交通运输管理处已建成一套基于GPS定位技术的公交车辆营运监管系统,可以对线路车辆班次供应情况进行智能化监管,该系统的数据主要由车载GPS终端分发获取,由于GPS技术本身的局限性,使得车辆在首末站数据包丢失,无法做到准确统计.本文提出远距离射频识别技术与GPS技术相结合的办法,可以使公交车辆经过首末站的识别率达...     

济南市BRT车辆类型对比研究

优先发展公共交通是缓解拥堵的重要手段。快速公交（BRT）作为济南中运量系统的制式,其运输工具的性能对乘客出行时间、企业的运营效益具有重要意义。因此,对天然气车和现代无轨电车两种绿色公共交通车辆的性能进行介绍,从技术、经济、环境、社会影响和实施可行性几个方面进行对比,最后选择出合适的车辆类型作为济南市BRT的运载工具。     

Analysis of steering performance of differential coupling wheelset

In order to improve the curving performance of the conventional wheelset in sharp curves and resolve the steering ability problem of the independently rotating wheel in large radius curves and tangent lines, a differential cou- pling wheelset （DCW） was developed in this work. The DCW was composed of two independently rotating wheels （IRWs） coupled by a clutch-type limited slip differential. The differential contains a static pre-stress clutch, which could lock both sides of IRWs of the DCW to ensure a good steering performance in curves with large radius and tangent track. In contrast, the clutch could unlock the two IRWs of the DCW in a sharp curve to endue it with the characteristic of an IRW, so that the vehicles can go through the tight curve smoothly. To study the dynamic performance of the DCW, a multi-body dynamic model of single bogie with DCWs was established. The self-centering capability, hunting stability, and self-steering performance on a curved track were analyzed and then compared with those of the conventional wheelset and IRW. Finally, the effect of coupling parameters of the DCW on the dynamic performance was investigated.     

基于FPGA液力传动内燃机车CAN通讯单元设计

开发设计了一种基于FPGA,能够对内燃机车发动机和变速箱的控制系统的行车数据、故障数据等稳定传输的CAN总线通讯电路.所设计的接口电路基于SAE J1939协议,由FPGA微处理器、CAN控制器等硬件电路以及软件设计组成.此方案可以大大节省CPU的开销,提高系统整体的工作效率,满足系统的高实时性和稳定性要求.     

Modular route bus design – A method of meeting transport operation and vehicle manufacturing requirements

This research examines the problem of route bus specification and vehicle manufacturability. In order for bus operators to provide transport services, a range of vehicle configurations must be available from bus manufacturers, generating variety which has a negative impact on the manufacturing process. Larger part inventories, uncontrolled labour tasks and more troublesome maintenance are known impacts of this variety. This research identifies the functional necessities in route bus interior design and reduces the problems in bus manufacture and operation caused by specification diversity by proposing a modularised system of bus design. In particular, it makes recommendations as to how bus configuration should be carried out, ensuring an optimum mix of operational and manufacturing needs:

• 1.Determine user needs before the bus specification process.
• 2.Designs to be developed by the manufacturer in response to user needs.
• 3.This design should be standardised where possible, as suggested by the user needs.
• 4.Where user needs dictate product variations, apply a mass customisation approach to accommodate these needs.

The recommendations are communicated in design proposals for a modular bus interior, demonstrated by four cases designed to meet the present status quo of bus interior design and predictions for the future of the field.