Development of a probabilistic model to optimize disseminated real‐time bus arrival information for pre‐trip passengers

In the advent of Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS), the total wait time of passengers for buses may be reduced by disseminating real‐time bus arrival times for the next or series of buses to pre‐trip passengers through various media (e.g., internet, mobile phones, and personal digital assistants). A probabilistic model is desirable and developed in this study, while realistic distributions of bus and passenger arrivals are considered. The disseminated bus arrival time is optimized by minimizing the total wait time incurred by pre‐trip passengers, and its impact to the total wait time under both late and early bus arrival conditions is studied. Relations between the optimal disseminated bus arrival time and major model parameters, such as the mean and standard deviation of arrival times for buses and pre‐trip passengers, are investigated. Analytical results are presented based on Normal and Lognormal distributions of bus arrivals and Gumbel distribution of pre‐trip passenger arrivals at a designated stop. The developed methodology can be practically applied to any arrival distributions of buses and passengers.     

客车空气压缩机皮带轮断裂失效分析

运用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪等分析仪器，研究了某客车空气压缩机皮带轮断裂的原因。结果表明，该空气压缩机的皮带轮辐条与轮毂、轮盘连接处产生应力集中现象，是导致该处出现裂纹并发生疲劳断裂的主要原因。针对以上问题提出了改进建议。     

A journey from adversary to partnership bus reform in NSW

This paper continues to debate the importance of understanding in the NSW Bus reform process of the relationship between central agencies, service providers, the academic community, key consultants and contractors within the setting of the transport service organisation framework. Sydney is a modern city with heavy rail, light-rail, monorail and an extensive Harbour, with bus services owned by Government as well as private interests. The paper addresses the case for reforms, the approach taken, competition policy, the subsequent development of partnerships, performance of the regulator, passenger benefits, growth and the differences between Metropolitan/Outer Metropolitan and Regional and Rural bus services.     

燃料电池混合动力中巴的整车设计及其能量分配控制策略

由于燃料电池技术的日臻成熟，这种清洁、高效的新型动力源正逐渐被广泛地应用在车辆领域中．因此提出了燃料电池电动中巴车的整车设计构架及其能量分配控制策略，文章主要阐述了在现有中巴车体基础上对燃料电池发动机、蓄电池以及电力驱动系统进行的优化布置，并着重对燃料电池车辆电力驱动系统的配置、车辆控制系统、蓄电池的管理系统以及车辆的能量分配控制策略作了详细论述．     

城市主干道快速公交（BRT）系统合理站距规划布局

快速公交系统充分利用道路资源，形成大容量、快捷、舒适的公交服务体系，将是承担我国大中城市出行交通的主体，是解决当前大中城市交通问题的重要途径。论文在研究城市主干道交通流行驶特性的基础上，结合城市道路网及交通特性分析、城市主干道快速公交（BBT）系统的交通功能及主干道沿线用地特征分析，提出了城市主干道快速公交（BBT）系统规划布局的合理站距。     

基于上下车人数的公交动态调度优化模型

本文以某大城市一务公交线路上各个站点在每小时内的上、下车人数为基本数据,通过合理考虑公交车的行车特点,经过对上、下车人数的合理化处理,提出了一种实时调度的模型。该模型首先考虑了每分钟最大可能上车人数,并进行了曲线拟合,再以发车准则计算出了发车时间表和所需的最少车辆数。最后还进行了满载率和乘客抱怨率的计算,并提出了本模型的优缺点和改进的建议。     

通道式客车瞬间转向失控成因分析

本文从转向运动学的角度,对通道式客车发生瞬间转向失控的形成原因进行了分析,并提出了防止的方法与措施.     

公交场站利用地热能供暖及制冷的实践与分析

对北京公交集团老旧公交场站办公区及生活区供暖制冷方式进行改造,将原冬季燃油锅炉供暖和夏季分体式空調制冷方式改造为地埋管地源热泵系统,为场站的办公区及生活区冬季供暖和夏季制冷提供更好的方式,并达到节能减排的目的.     

济南市BRT车辆类型对比研究

优先发展公共交通是缓解拥堵的重要手段。快速公交（BRT）作为济南中运量系统的制式,其运输工具的性能对乘客出行时间、企业的运营效益具有重要意义。因此,对天然气车和现代无轨电车两种绿色公共交通车辆的性能进行介绍,从技术、经济、环境、社会影响和实施可行性几个方面进行对比,最后选择出合适的车辆类型作为济南市BRT的运载工具。     

Modular route bus design – A method of meeting transport operation and vehicle manufacturing requirements

This research examines the problem of route bus specification and vehicle manufacturability. In order for bus operators to provide transport services, a range of vehicle configurations must be available from bus manufacturers, generating variety which has a negative impact on the manufacturing process. Larger part inventories, uncontrolled labour tasks and more troublesome maintenance are known impacts of this variety. This research identifies the functional necessities in route bus interior design and reduces the problems in bus manufacture and operation caused by specification diversity by proposing a modularised system of bus design. In particular, it makes recommendations as to how bus configuration should be carried out, ensuring an optimum mix of operational and manufacturing needs:

• 1.Determine user needs before the bus specification process.
• 2.Designs to be developed by the manufacturer in response to user needs.
• 3.This design should be standardised where possible, as suggested by the user needs.
• 4.Where user needs dictate product variations, apply a mass customisation approach to accommodate these needs.

The recommendations are communicated in design proposals for a modular bus interior, demonstrated by four cases designed to meet the present status quo of bus interior design and predictions for the future of the field.