Exploring active transportation investments and associated benefits for municipal budgets: a scoping review

Municipalities play an important role in the planning and development of communities that support active transportation (AT), which refers to human-powered modes of travel, such as walking and cycling. Municipal-level stakeholders involved in land-use and transportation infrastructure planning consider multiple social, environmental and economic considerations to inform decision-making and investments in AT. Evidence around the fiscal benefits of AT investment for local governments has not been systematically identified. This scoping review sought to explore the existing evidence regarding investments in AT and opportunities for savings on municipal expenditures and revenue generation. In total, 7060 records were located and screened; of which 162 full-text articles were reviewed. Ultimately, 23 articles met our inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The available evidence focuses on potential economic benefits of AT in the areas of tax revenues, property values, consumer spending and employment, all of which are relevant sources of revenue generation in municipal operating budgets. An evidence gap was identified regarding AT infrastructure investments and benefits corresponding to municipal expenditures (e.g. maintenance cost savings). Notably, a large portion of literature was published after 2009, suggesting that municipal-level evidence on the fiscal benefits of AT investments may just be emerging.     

政府与高校合作创新产学合作模式之初探

在新的社会主义经济形式和高校自主办学权不断扩大的情况下,除了企业和高校的合作之外,作为中国政治和经济生活中主体的政府能否积极、有效地参与到产学研合作的实践中来?这的确是一个值得深入研究的课题。文中结合广东省交通厅与广东交通职业技术学院合作运作广东省机动车驾驶培训教练员考试中心的例子对政府与高校创新合作的产学结合模式进行了初步探讨。     

湛茂阳城市带县域综合交通可达性研究

在借鉴已有研究成果的基础上,以湛茂阳城市带18个县域单位为研究对象,通过利用综合交通可达性指数及交通区位优势度、县域内交通连通度和对外通达性三个分指数,全面分析湛江国际机场搬迁前后湛茂阳城市带各县级行政区的交通可达性空间格局特征。结果表明:湛江国际机场搬迁后,湛茂阳城市带综合交通可达性得到明显提升,较高可达性市县区由7个增加至10个;表现出更强的空间集聚性和空间自相关,并且形成以湛江各区、茂南区和江城区为中心,沿海连续形成可达性高值带状片区。对湛茂阳城市带县域尺度综合交通可达性进行研究能够为区域协调均衡发展提供更好的理论和实践指导。     

Impact of high occupancy vehicle lanes on carpooling behavior

High occupancy vehicle lanes have become an integral part of regional transportation planning. Their purpose is to increase ridesharing by offering a travel time advantage to multiple occupant vehicles. This paper examines the extent to which an HOV facility increases ridesharing. Using data from the Route 55 HOV facility in Orange Country, California, changes in the carpooling rate on Route 55 are compared to that of a control group of freeway commuters. The analysis shows that the carpooling rate among peak period commuters, and particularly those who use the entire length of the facility, has increased. However, there has been no significant increase in ridesharing among the entire population of Route 55 commuters. Results suggest that barriers to increased ridesharing are formidable, that travel time savings must be large in order to attract new carpoolers, and that further increases in capooling will likely require development of extensive HOV lane systems.     

电子政务与办公自动化初探

论述了信息化对人们工作的影响，电子政务与办公自动化的关系。     

铁路选线中与地方关系的处理

研究目的:铁路作为带状建筑物,涉及面广,经过的经济据点众多,在前期工作中,如何处理好与地方政府的关系,协调好地方政府对于线路走向、站点设置的意见与铁路全线建设之间的矛盾显得尤为重要,直接关系到铁路建设推进速度及后期开展情况的顺利程度。研究结论:作为铁路建设的龙头,选线设计应坚持为地方服务为基础;合理的征求地方政府对于线路方案选择及站点设计的意见、建议;在地方政府提出的要求与全线相矛盾时,在与地方政府进行良好沟通的同时应进行多方案的比选,并坚持原则。     

城市轨道交通可持续健康发展的关键问题

国内外城市轨道交通建设和运营的情况表明,城市轨道交通发展需要政府扶持。通过分析影响城市轨道交通可持续发展的主要问题,提出促进城市轨道交通可持续发展的有关建议。     

上市公司绩效与董事会治理特征的实证研究

介绍了近年来国内外关于董事会治理特征的相关研究成果;采用定性的方法从理论上说明上市公司绩效与董事会治理特征之间的关系;然后采用定量的方法,将董事会治理特征量化为4个指标,收集最近3年上市公司的统计数据,利用统计软件对其进行分析处理;最后,提出合理的假设,建立多元线性回归模型,并利用采集的数据样本对假设和模型进行了实证检验.     

基于博弈论的政府支持第三方物流产业发展条件与对策研究

我国需要大力发展第三方物流产业,如何在尊重市场规律的同时,发挥政府的支持作用是需要研究的问题。运用博弈理论和方法,建立物流企业(产业)与非物流企业(产业)、物流企业(产业)与政府之间的动态博弈模型。分析结果表明:物流企业(产业)发展初期需要政府支持,否则难以坚持经营;政府作为公共管理机构,也会考虑支持物流产业的成本与收益,当物流产业发展间接增加了政府的税收,它又大于政府直接给予物流企业(产业)的税收优惠或财政补贴,政府会选择支持物流产业发展。可以推测,由于物流产业发展能增加政府的长期收益,即使在物流产业发展初期政府的支出大于其收入,政府亦应支持物流产业的发展。最后,提出政府支持物流产业发展的对策建议。     

枚系统经济学与电子政务

本首先对枚系统经济学理论进行了拓展，讨论了可持续发展信息增殖所要满足的条件，说明了信息价值量的决定因素及其在市场上进行等价交换的原则，其次，介绍电子政务的发展并讨论了它的实施原则，最后，讨论了电子政务对信息增殖和信息有效利用的基础性作用，得出了电子政务与枚系统经济学在信息增殖上具有一致性。