苏州市居民幸福指数调查统计与效率分析

随着GDP的不断增长，以及居民收入的不断提高，居民的生活水平也随之不断改善。苏州地处长江三角洲，经济发展水平居全国前列，高GDP。增长情况下，分析居民的幸福指数意义重大。本文以苏州市为例，首先构建了幸福指数的评价指标体系，利用问卷调查与统计数据定量分析苏州市居民生活幸福指数。进而利用非径向DEA模型对居民生活中的物质投入与精神产出进行效率评价，最后针对计算结果作了原因分析。     

基于PCA和DEA的江苏省物流业碳排放效率评价

根据物流行业的特点并结合江苏省的实际情况,从物流业总体情况、交通运输、信息及人力资源等几大方面选取了8个投入指标,并以物流业增加值及货运汽车碳排放量为输出指标,构建出江苏省碳排放效率评价体系。针对传统方法的局限,利用主成分分析法对评价指标进行降维,并结合非期望产出处理等方法,再运用DEA方法对江苏省物流业碳排放的效率进行评价。研究表明,2010年江苏省13个城市中,南京、无锡等6个城市在综合效率、纯技术效率及规模效率上都达到了DEA有效,规模报酬不变,碳排放效率是最好的;而其他几个城市没有达到DEA有效,因此对这些城市的松弛变量分布进行分析并有针对性的提出了改善建议,旨在促进其物流业的可持续发展。     

Seaport performance analysis using robust non-parametric efficiency estimators

Abstract

Seaport services have been developing year on year, playing an increasingly important role in the economy and the transportation markets of each country. This increases interest in measuring their performance. This paper evaluates the performance of a set of European seaports by means of robust non-parametric approaches. Using order-m and bootstrap procedures, the major problems of traditional data envelopment analysis and free disposal hull methods – concerning noise, presence of outliers and the ‘curse of dimensionality’ – are overcome. With this study considerable levels of inefficiency were found in the European seaports sector.     

A multiple criteria approach to two-stage data envelopment analysis

Two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) models are commonly used in the evaluation and benchmarking of sustainable operations and processes across multiple research fields. To date, however, little attention has been given to the unrealistic weight distribution and weak discrimination power in the modeling and evaluation of the two-stage sustainable operations when using two-stage DEA models. In order to overcome this methodological weakness, we use the multiple criteria DEA (MCDEA) approach in the evaluation of the two-stage processes. The outcome is a multiple criteria two-stage DEA model which yields more realistic weights for the inputs and outputs and thus has better discrimination power than traditional two-stage DEA models. The developed model is tested and validated by assessing the sustainable design performances of a sample of car product designs.     

A bus route evaluation model based on GIS and super-efficient data envelopment analysis

When compared to large cities in developed countries, the shares of public transportation in most Chinese cities are low. Increasing the competitiveness of urban public transportation remains an urgent problem. A capable evaluation method for public transportation is required to assist the development of urban transit systems. This paper focuses on the bus system. Being devoid of standard criteria, it is difficult to determine the efficiency of a transit system or any bus line using a single evaluation index. This paper proposes a comparative analysis to evaluate bus lines so as to filter out candidates for further optimization. From the viewpoints of transit planning, operation and quality of service, this paper establishes 10 subordinate evaluation indices and then uses geographical information system tools, global positioning system data and smart card data to assist the index definition and calculation. Super-efficient data envelopment analysis (DEA) method is adopted for the proposed single factor and comprehensive evaluation models. Finally, the bus system in Shenzhen, China is used as a case study. The comparable significant results validate the capability of the proposed model.     

Measuring foregone output under industry emission reduction target in the transportation sector

Numerous countries have implemented or are considering a range of policies to lower emissions from transportation. An analysis of the impacts of environmental regulation is a crucial issue, which has not been properly highlighted in the transportation literature, particularly in terms of the foregone output by such regulation. This study develops a novel DEA model that measures the foregone output when the industry emissions target is imposed. This model reflects the real regulatory process more appropriately than other models in that the authority in charge sets the emission reduction target first, and the transport operators respond to it. In addition, the model can test the industrywide impacts over a wide range of emission target values, which can help policy makers determine the optimal emission target. Finally, the proposed model was applied to the port industry in Korea. The results suggest that Korean ports can reduce their emissions by a maximum of 239,850 tons of CO₂, which accounts for 13% of the total emissions in 2010. The 13% reduction in emission, however, would result in $ 91,109,000 of foregone cargo traffic to the Korean economy. In addition, the foregone cargo traffic increases at much faster rate than the emission reduction rate. For example, the shadow price of emission differs by 2.25 times between the most moderate and strictest emission targets. This suggests that the government needs to impose moderate emission targets at the initial stages if it decides to minimize the regulatory impacts on the industry.     

中国现代交通运输业效率波动性和影响因素研究 ——基于交叉效率DEA 和VAR 模型的分析

选取1978–2012 年的数据,应用交叉效率数据包络分析法(Cross-efficiency DEA)和向量自回归模型(Vector Autoregression, VAR)对中国现代交通运输业的效率波动 情况及其影响因素进行分析.研究结果表明,交通运输业的投入和产出要素之间,均存在 单向格兰杰(Granger)因果关系;交通运输业的效率波动可以划分为效率上升、高效运行 和效率下降三个阶段,总体上呈现出“先升后降”的趋势;交通运输业对人均消费、政府支 出、能源消耗和固定资产投资的冲击均表现出正向为主的响应,对劳动的冲击表现出负 向响应,而对信息的冲击则表出响应“滞后”     

基于DEA的城市道路交通安全评价

城市道路交通安全状况直接影响城市交通运输的发展和人民的生命财产安全.为此以城市道路为研究对象,利用数据包络分析（DEA）建立了城市道路交通安全评价模型,并选取了5个城市的多个指标进行实例分析,得到了各城市道路交通安全状况以及主要成因.结果表明,数据包络分析法在城市道路交通安全评价中具有很好的效果,结果更为客观.     

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从“十一五”开始,国家863计划设立了现代交通技术领域,对促进我国交通领域技术进步起到了积极的作用.本文从目标管理的角度,对交通领域863计划项目的考核指标设置进行了探讨.在分析目前项目评价过程中存在问题的基础上,提出了项目考核指标与研究目标及关键技术的相关性、考核指标设置的合理性、考核过程的可操作性等新的评价指标,并建立了相应的评价模型及其修正方法.最后以交通领域863计划项目的评价为示例说明了方法的可用性.     

基于超效率DEA方法的公路运输效率评价与分析

超效率DEA方法是基于传统DEA方法改进的1种方法,它可以解决传统DEA方法在运输效率评价方面无法对DEA有效(效率值为1)的决策单位进行进一步排序的弊端.以江苏省为例,分别运用DEA方法、超效率DEA方法,从投入、产出的8个效率角度对13个辖市的公路运输业进行了运输效率分析,通过计算得到了各个城市公路运输业的DEA值与超效率DEA值,并按照超效率DEA值对各个城市的公路运输效率进行排序、分析,结果显示,江苏省公路运输效率存在明显的地域差异,并对改善江苏省公路运输效率低地区的发展提出建议.