What type of road pricing scheme might appeal to politicians? Viewpoints on the challenge in gaining the citizen and public servant vote by staging reform

The greatest hurdle facing road pricing reform is political commitment. With rare exception, efforts to introduce significant reform in road pricing, aimed at raising sufficient revenue to ensure that road investment and ongoing maintenance is secured, without an additional impost to users above current outlays, while at the same time reducing traffic congestion, has fallen largely on politically non-supportive ears. The big challenge is to convince politicians (and their advisers) that it is possible to reform road pricing so that users are made better off (at least the great majority) in terms of time spent travelling and monies outlaid, and that government secures growing levels of revenue, but with at least some funds being used to improve public transport and the existing road network. This paper identifies the major issues that make much of the academic research into road pricing somewhat limited in terms of achieving real change. Staging reform is an appealing way forward, but ensuring the order and timing of events to secure progress is the big challenge. We offer some suggestions, including some ideas on new language designed to increase the level of buy in, and recognise that progress through action will require compromises in respect of an ‘ideal’ economically efficient pricing reform agenda.     

The inherent precision of regression estimated route probabilities

From basic assumptions about independent and consistent driver behaviour, and with data from traffic counts, we derive statistical properties of regression or correlation estimates of route selection probabilities, turning probabilities and travelling times. Our modelling is conditional in a way that avoids most traffic generation problems and permits an asymptotic analysis of the precision under mild assumptions allowing non-stationarity. This allows us to put together non-stationary data from the corresponding time intervals during several days when we aim at high precision estimates.     

采用动态剪切流变试验评价沥青高温性能

沥青结合料的质量好坏直接影响到沥青路面的使用性能及使用寿命,通过对8种沥青结合料经PTFO老化前后进行动态剪切流变试验测定的车辙因子评价沥青结合料的高温性能,车辙因子越大,沥青结合料的高温性能就越好。     

GPS RTK及全站仪在公铁立交桥勘测中的应用

GPS(全球定位系统)和全站仪技术已在我国得到了广泛应用,简要介绍了GPS RTK测量技术的基本原理,利用GPS建立起立交桥和道路的控制网,全站仪进行测设选线,与道路CAD系统有机地结合,实现计算自动,精确放样,并就此论述了两者在公铁立交桥选线中的应用。     

辽宁中部环线高速公路路线方案的选定

通过对辽宁中部环线高速公路路线方案布设过程进行分析,系统地总结路线方案选定的基本原则,提出路线布局的主要控制因素,对路线布局需要注意的几个问题进行分析,提出降低工程造价、优化路线方案的具体措施。     

路基压实机械的选择

根据不同土质的工程特点，路基工程中常用的压实机械的作用原理提出了选择压实机械的原则和方法，及施工中应注意的问题。     

浅谈跨径10m中、小桥梁上部构造的选择

对10m跨径桥梁而言,除特殊地形、地质条件外,较为广泛应用的桥梁上部构造是简支空心板或近年来普遍采用的先简支后桥面连续的简支空心板构造;目前,业内对10m跨径桥梁究竟采用钢筋混凝土还是采用预应力混凝土简支空心板上部构造存在异议。通过技术、经济分析以确定何种上部结构形式更为合理。     

基于车次径路约束下的客运径路生成算法优化

针对目前客票径路计算中径路信息与实际旅客出行径路之间存在的差异性,从分析径路生成的计算模型出发,结合铁路通票业务背景,提出一种车次约束机制下的径路生成计算方法。算法以选择性集中存储为径路存取方式,实现径路公共信息的全路共享与车站特殊径路的分布式存取,有效压缩径路信息存储空间,提高径路选择效率;以车站-车次邻接表为基本数据结构,将铁路路网图改进为列车约束下的列车可达图,保证车站生成个性化径路的合理性和有效性;算法摒弃原有径路计算只计算本站至全路各个结算站间最短K路径的方法,分车站特殊径路计算和公共径路计算两步实现径路的计算,从根本上保证径路计算的有效性,解决通票径路与列车走行径路不符问题,实现了对现有径路生成算法的优化。     

违宪审查的启动机制

在当代中国，《宪法》、《立法法》关于违宪审查的规定虽然不够完善，但毕竟初步建立起了违宪审查制度。但是，在法治实践中却很少真正启动违宪审查程序。怎样启动违宪审查，是一个理论上需要迫切解决的问题。本正是从这一角度出发，探讨必须赋予公民违宪申诉权以启动违宪审查，达到维护法制统一，保障人民权利的目的。     

长江航路的改革与发展

航路改革是长江航运史上的一次革命,它规范了船舶航行秩序,大大降低了交通事故发生率,提高了通航效率。本文从航路改革的意义,作法,收益入手,重点对航路改革的发展进行了探讨,具有一定的实践指导意义。