近期典型桥梁事故回顾、分析与启示

对1813~2018年期间的584起桥梁事故进行分析，将桥梁倒塌原因分为施工、自然灾害、设计、意外荷载、耐久性等5类。各原因在倒塌事故中所占比例分别为42.1%、30.0%、11.6%、12.7%、3.6%。除自然灾害外，设计施工不合理为主要原因，而事故发生大多是多种原因综合的结果。以近几年9起典型桥梁倒塌事故为例，分析比较各种倒塌桥梁的主要破坏模式，得到以下启示：①国内大部分梁桥上部结构的平面外位移约束构造不足，在任何一个平面内都不应该是可变体系是国内桥梁设计施工中需要注意的问题；②在应用新工艺、新结构和拆除旧桥时，应加强各种施工工况下的验算；③建议加强桥梁巡查，预防和禁止汽车超载以及桥梁附近大规模堆载；④应注重桥梁结构尤其是斜拉桥和悬索桥等特大桥梁的日常养护管理，当养护力量不足时，尽量选择养护要求较低的桥型。     

混合型生态修复技术在内河航道岸坡防护中的应用

以1 km通榆河为试验地,分别实施5种方案:1)在塌陷处移栽植物(芦苇、茭白、杞柳);2)植物移栽+外侧防护(木、竹混合栅栏);3)植物移栽+外侧防护+回填泥土;4)芦苇种子播种+外侧防护+回填土;5)以坍塌的裸露岸坡为空白对照,探讨几种混合型生态修复方式在通榆河岸坡防护中的实际效果。结果表明,在通榆河岸坡移栽芦苇和茭白、扦插杞柳是可行的,但需要在移栽区域的外侧进行适当的机械防护。移栽植物后多种本土植物的大量迁入形成具有高覆盖度的次生群落。本研究中的几种方案都显著降低岸坡坍塌速度,其中,方案3效果最佳。与传统方式相比,这种有机械保护的岸坡生态防护方式具有很好的经济效益。     

全电力船智能诊断与恢复的系统设计

未来船舶综合电力系统(IPS)控件主要以电力电子器件的复杂拓扑结构、智能控制和其它不断演进的组件为特征。为了提高船舶综合电力系统的故障诊断和修复能力,为未来全电力船设计了一种智能诊断和修复系统。专家系统的基本准则和诊断的知识管理对于智能诊断与修复是极其重要的。     

Policy considerations for wetland wastewater treatment in the coastal zone: A case study for Louisiana

Two major environmental problems currently affecting the Louisiana coastal zone are a high rate of wetland loss and high levels of surface water pollution. The application of secondarily treated wastewater to wetlands can be a means of dealing with both of these problems. The benefits of wetland wastewater treatment include improved surface water quality, increased accretion rates to balance a high relative water level rise due mainly to subsidence, improved plant productivity and habitat quality, and decreased capital outlays for conventional engineering treatment systems. Wetland treatment systems can, therefore, be designed and operated to restore deteriorating wetlands. Hydrologically altered wetlands, which are common in the Louisiana coastal zone, are appropriate for receiving municipal and some types of industrial effluent. While the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has determined wetland wastewater treatment is effective in treating municipal effluent, it has discouraged the use of natural wetlands for this purpose. At the same time, funds are being used for the construction of artificial wetlands to treat municipal effluent. In the Louisiana coastal zone, however, wetlands are deteriorating and disappearing due to hydrological alteration and a high rate of relative sea level rise. If no action is taken, these trends will continue. Effluent discharge to existing wetlands should be incorporated into a comprehensive management plan designed to increase sediment and nutrient input into subsiding wetlands in the Louisiana coastal zone, improve water quality, and result in more economical waste‐water treatment. The authors believe that the Louisiana example serves as a model for other coastal areas especially in light of projections of accelerated sea level rise.     

Delay Restoration of Single-Track Railway Rescheduling

On the basis of analysis of the principle of delay restoration in a disturbed schedule, a heuristic algorithm for rescheduling trains is developed by restoring the total delay of the disturbed schedule. A discrete event topologic model is derived from the original undisturbed train diagram and a back propagation analysis method is used to label the maximum buffer time of each point in the model. In order to analyze the principle of delay restoration, the concept of critical delay is developed from the labeled maximum buffer time. The critical delay is the critical point of successful delay restoration. All the disturbed trains are classified into the strong-delayed trains and the weak-delayed trains by the criterion of the critical delay. Only the latter, in which actual delay is less than its critical delay, can be adjusted to a normal running state during time horizon considered. The heuristic algorithm is used to restore all the disturbed trains according to their critical details. The cores of the algorithm are the iterative repair technique and two repair methods for the two kinds of trains. The algorithm searches iteratively the space of possible conflicts caused by disturbed trains using an earfiest-delay-first heuristics and always attempts to repair the earliest constraint violation. The algorithm adjusts the weak-delayed trains directly back to the normal running state using the buffer time of the original train diagram. For the strong-delayed trains,the algorithm uses an utility function with some weighted attributes to determine the dynamic priority of the trains, and resolves the conflict according to the calculated dynamic priority. In the end, the experimental results show that the algorithm produces ＂good enough＂ schedules effectively and efficiently in disturbed situations.     

猪屎豆、白灰毛豆在海南中线高速边坡生态恢复中的应用

为了研究猪屎豆和白灰毛豆两种灌木在公路边坡生态恢复中的实际应用效果,2012年在海南省中线高速(S21)选择骨架防护、三维网防护、普通喷播3种典型防护形式坡面进行了猪屎豆、白灰毛豆灌木种子不同配比方案恢复试验.试验结果表明,猪屎豆、白灰毛豆两种灌木的株高、冠幅、胸径、生长密度4个生长指标变化特征与前期种子配比情况有直接关系,其中冠幅和胸径指标正相关,但是与株高和生长密度指标负相关.该结果说明这两种灌木在海南省中线高速边坡(包括普通土质边坡和膨胀土劣质边坡)生态恢复中具有可行性,但是应调整灌木种子用量,确保灌木适宜的生长空间,维持灌木健壮的生长势,同时种子应合理搭配以维持后期边坡物种的多样性.这一研究结果可为海南省中线高速边坡生态恢复提供一定的参考.     

CAN总线网络传输的延时优化研究

为减小CAN总线网络延时对传输速率的影响,提出了一种报文偏移量补偿与标识符优化的混合优化方案.首先定义总线网络传输延时,研究了表征CAN总线网络数据传输延时的主要指标,然后设计了报文分段与编码方案优化方法和延时报文的偏移量补偿方法,最后采用二者相结合的方案改善延时情况,并利用Symtavision软件分别对优化前、后C...     

Impact of transition between signal timing plans in social cost based in delay,fuel consumption and air emissions

Significant effects of traffic congestion include the cost associated with extra travel time, fuel consumption, and gas emissions. This paper develops a mathematical function to quantify the monetary impact of transition designs between signal timing plans on users and the environment. This function offers an approach to reduce problems such as excessive travel time, pollution emissions and fuel consumption. The proposed social cost function is evaluated for various transition plans to assess the impact of the number of steps required to adjust signal timing. The relationships between delay, fuel consumption and gas emissions and the number of steps needed to achieve the transition are also analysed.     

光网络业务恢复算法研究

光网络拓扑结构的变化破坏网络中端到端的连接业务和业务环．根据原有业务路由和结构改变后的网络结构，从原有业务的正向和反向搜索，找出原有业务路由的正向和反向断点；通过回溯法和路由算法搜索出断点之间的路由，连接正向断点之前的路由、断点之间的路由和反向断点之后的路由实现业务恢复。     

鲁中山区公路岩石路堑边坡植被自然恢复初步调查

为探讨公路岩石路堑边坡植被的自然恢复效果,为山区公路边坡防护设计和植被恢复设计提供参考,调查了鲁中山区的6条省道和2条国道,得到了边坡的岩石类别、风化程度,以及边坡的建设年限、坡度、坡高和边坡植被的覆盖度与优势物种,并简要分析了植被自然恢复的原因。初步结果显示:(1)花岗岩、闪长岩边坡的植被自然恢复效果远好于石灰岩边坡;(2)黄背草、荩草等为花岗岩和闪长岩边坡的优势物种,而荆条、酸枣等为石灰岩边坡的优势物种。建议:(1)对稳定的花岗岩和闪长岩边坡宜采用不妨碍植被生长的防护型式,实现植被的自然恢复;(2)对石灰岩边坡,宜采用岩石裸露处理,并穴栽灌木进行美化;(3)高速公路建设资金充裕不应成为随意扩大边坡工程防护的理由,将边坡植被自然恢复的理念应用到高速公路边坡设计中非常重要。