脑损伤后脑血管痉挛的早期监测及对预后的影响

应用二维经颅彩色多普勒超声血流显像仪早期动态监测颅脑损伤患者 ,以及早发现脑血管痉挛 ( CVS)。对 1 6 2例颅脑损伤患者根据伤情 ,结合头颅 CT分为3组 :1轻中型无蛛网膜下腔出血 ( SAH)组 ;2轻中型伴 SAH组 ;3重型组。在伤后2 4h内、3d、1周和 2周 ,分别检查脑血管平均血流速度及大脑中动脉流速与同侧颈内动脉流速的比率。结果发现轻中型伴 SAH组 CVS发生率增高 ,病情恢复慢。重型组 CVS发生率亦高 ,且持续时间长 ,发生范围广。CVS伤后当天即可发生 ,高峰期为3～ 7d,持续期因伤情而异 ,一旦发生 CVS,可引起脑缺血 ,加重脑损害。提示颅脑损伤后要早期监测及早发现 CVS,并早期处理 ,以减轻脑损害。     

深水区软体排搭接检测方法的试验性研究

针对航道整治工程中深水条件对软体排搭接检测的影响,分析了目前工程上通用的GPS、潜水摄像法在实际应用中的优点和不足。通过对侧扫声纳技术开展改进试验,研究出能快速、实时、量化检测软体排搭接的新方法。为深入研究软体排搭接检测提供了重要参考和新的方向。     

美国潜艇拖曳阵声呐技术特点及发展趋势

根据现有公开技术资料,对美国潜艇拖曳阵声呐的发展情况、技术特点进行阐述,并预测了拖曳阵声呐的发展趋势。     

双平台鱼雷报警声呐对来袭鱼雷快速定位仿真

在水声对抗中,鱼雷报警是非常重要的环节。介绍了水面舰对鱼雷实施远距离定位的重要性,阐述双平台鱼雷报警声呐对来袭鱼雷进行快速定位的原理,对鱼雷定位精度进行了仿真分析,仿真结果表明,鱼雷报警声呐的舷角测量误差是主要的定位误差来源,当舷角测量误差较小时,采取该方法能够快速获取较精确鱼雷位置,可为远距离实施水声对抗提供参考。     

拖曳线列阵声呐判断左右舷模糊方法研究

潜艇性能的不断提高,促进了拖曳线列阵声呐的快速发展.拖曳线列阵声呐有其独特的优点,但它的左右舷模糊问题靠其本身是无法克服的.本文分析了判断左右舷所用的转向法及与其他声呐协同法的不足之处,同时提出了2部拖曳线列阵声呐协同使用的方法.     

舰艇球鼻首金属导流罩的结构声学设计

针对舰艇球鼻首为声呐服务的主要功能,为提高其透声性能,对新型金属双壳导流罩的声学设计进行研究。研究从金属单层板和双层板的透声基本原理开始,通过计算和试验分析双层平板的透声状况,并选取钛合金材料作为新型导流罩的建造材料,用理论公式和有限元建模两种方法计算整体球鼻首的透声状况。为保证真实性能,建造实体模型对其进行了试验验证。通过此项研究验证了这种双壳结构的金属球鼻首导流罩具有良好的透声性能,实验结果满足声呐的工作要求。     

Underwater simultaneous localization and mapping based on forward-looking sonar

A method of underwater simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) based on forward-looking sonar was proposed in this paper. Positions of objects were obtained by the forward-looking sonar, and an improved association method based on an ant colony algorithm was introduced to estimate the positions.In order to improve the precision of the positions, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) was adopted. The presented algorithm was tested in a tank, and the maximum estimation error of SLAM gained was 0.25 m. The tests verify that this method can maintain better association efficiency and reduce navigation error.     

基于统计量的声呐图像目标检测算法

水下声呐图像目标检测问题是一项重要而困难的工作,采用滑动窗计算图像中各像素点处邻域像素灰度的统计量,利用最大熵图像分割算法确定检测阈值,并利用均值、标准差、偏态和峰度等统计量对算法进行了仿真验证,对声呐图像中的目标回波区和阴影区域均可实现较好的检测效果。结果表明,该方法具有原理简单、运算效率高、实时性好等特点,具有较强的工程应用价值。     

Application of A* algorithm for real-time path re-planning of an unmanned surface vehicle avoiding underwater obstacles

This paper describes path re-planning techniques andunderwater obstacle avoidance for unmanned surface vehicle （USV）based on multi-beam forward looking sonar （FLS）. Near-optimalpaths in static and dynamic environments with underwaterobstacles are computed using a numerical solution procedure basedon an A algorithm. The USV is modeled with a circular shape in 2degrees of freedom （surge and yaw）. In this paper, two-dimensional（2-D） underwater obstacle avoidance and the robust real-time pathre-planning technique for actual USV using multi-beam FLS aredeveloped. Our real-time path re-planning algorithm has beentested to regenerate the optimal path for several updated frames inthe field of view of the sonar with a proper update frequency of theFLS. The performance of the proposed method was verifiedthrough simulations, and sea experiments. For simulations, theUSV model can avoid both a single stationary obstacle, multiplestationary obstacles and moving obstacles with the near-optimaltrajectory that are performed both in the vehicle and the worldreference frame. For sea experiments, the proposed method for anunderwater obstacle avoidance system is implemented with a USVtest platform. The actual USV is automatically controlled andsucceeded in its real-time avoidance against the stationary underseaobstacle in the field of view of the FLS together with the GlobalPositioning System （GPS） of the USV.     

拖曳阵鱼雷报警声纳测向精度试验方法

针对水面舰船拖曳阵鱼雷报警声纳测向精度试验问题,提出了选取两种不同目标的试验方法。对比分析了两种试验方法的优缺点,定量分析了试验目标定位精度和试验样本量要求,对试验方法进行了优选,基于科学性、合理性、贴近实战的原则,提出了两种试验方法联合使用的综合试验方法,可为后续鱼雷报警声纳测向精度试验设计和实施提供借鉴。