具有随机道路输入的人—车—路闭环操纵系统的响应分析与操纵安全性评价

本文建立了一种平衡随机道路输入的数学模型。应用精细积分法,进行了具有此类随机道路输入的人－车－路闭环操纵系统响应的仿真研究与汽车的主动安全性评价。该方法不仅为精确算法,珂能缩短汽车主动安全性的评价周期,避免实车试验带来的巨大的经济负担。结合实例,说明该方法是正确的,其结果是有效而合理的。     

Interface design of eco-driving support systems – Truck drivers’ preferences and behavioural compliance

The aim of the study was to investigate the perceived usefulness of various types of in-vehicle feedback and advice on fuel efficient driving. Twenty-four professional truck drivers participated in a driving simulator study. Two eco-driving support systems were included in the experiment: one that provided continuous information and one that provided intermittent information. After the simulator session, the participants were interviewed about their experiences of the various constituents of the systems. In general, the participants had a positive attitude towards eco-driving support systems and behavioural data indicated that they tended to comply with the advice given. However, different drivers had very different preferences with respect to what type of information they found useful. The majority of the participants preferred simple and clear information. The eco-driving constituents that were rated as most useful were advice on gas pedal pressure, speed guidance, feedback on manoeuvres, fuel consumption information and simple statistics. It is concluded that customisable user interfaces are recommended for eco-driving support systems for trucks.     

基于人机工程学的山区公路平曲线设计指标安全评价研究

道路线形的安全评价是从设计阶段保证行车安全的关键,道路平曲线的弯曲程度直接影响着行车安全,单位交角曲线长L/I(曲线长/曲线交角)代表了道路平曲线的弯曲程度。通过大量的行车实验及驾驶员的心率、最高血压的变动与单位交角曲线长L/I的相关分析,结果表明单位交角曲线长L/I可作为道路平曲线设计要素的安全性评价指标。在线形复杂的山区公路,基于人机工程学与工程费用的考虑,行车安全需要的L/I取值应在0.5~1.0之间。     

Handling qualities evaluation method based on actual driver characteristics

The present study proposes an objective handling qualities evaluation method using driver-in-the-loop analysis. The driving simulator experiments were performed for various driving conditions, drivers and vehicle dynamics. The response characteristics of the driver model and the closed-loop system were analyzed. The analysis revealed the driving strategies clearly, indicating the importance of closed-loop analysis. Using the identified driver model and its strategies, a cost function of the handling qualities was constructed. The cost function can be used to estimate the handling qualities analytically from the vehicle dynamics. The proposed method was validated by comparison with the handling qualities evaluation rated by the driver's comments.     

Adaptive cruise control design for active congestion avoidance

We present an adaptive cruise control (ACC) strategy where the acceleration characteristics, that is, the driving style automatically adapts to different traffic situations. The three components of the concept are the ACC itself, implemented in the form of a car-following model, an algorithm for the automatic real-time detection of the traffic situation based on local information, and a strategy matrix to adapt the driving characteristics (that is, the parameters of the ACC controller) to the traffic conditions. Optionally, inter-vehicle and infrastructure-to-car communication can be used to improve the accuracy of determining the traffic states. Within a microscopic simulation framework, we have simulated the complete concept on a road section with an on-ramp bottleneck, using empirical loop-detector data for an afternoon rush-hour as input for the upstream boundary. We found that the ACC vehicles improve the traffic stability and the dynamic road capacity. While traffic congestion in the reference scenario was completely eliminated when simulating a proportion of 25% ACC vehicles, travel times were already significantly reduced for much lower penetration rates. The efficiency of the proposed driving strategy even for low market penetrations is a promising result for a successful application in future driver assistance systems.