吴淞口邮轮码头交通组织设计

采用车道边论证方法进行吴淞口邮轮码头的交通组织设计,对极端工况下的车流量进行了定量分析,得出引桥交通量及码头面上的车位布置数等重要交通组织参数。并通过仿真方法证明交通组织方案的合理、有效,与理论计算互为补充。     

瓶颈路段公交和小汽车共享车道通行能力研究

城市空间紧缺,公交专用道通常通过转变现有普通车道获得。在城市道路瓶颈路段处,如果公交车发车频率较低,不仅公交专用道难以充分利用并造成道路空间的浪费,还会加重小汽车的延误。针对这个问题,国外已有研究在选定的瓶颈路段设置公交车和小汽车的共享车道方法。文中梳理了在相应的共享策略下瓶颈路段的通行能力计算方法,并考虑到小汽车在瓶颈处的扰动对通行能力的影响。通过对深圳市皇岗路与新彩路交叉口处入口匝道的仿真分析表明,当小汽车有低于20%驶入共享车道时,设置共享车道可以在不对公交车运行造成影响的情况下降低入口匝道和新彩路主线上的小汽车延误。但当小汽车驶入共享车道的比例大于20%时,对公交车的运行开始产生影响,并且对新彩路主线上的小汽车运行有一定的影响。随着小汽车驶入共享车道的比例继续增大,这种影响有呈指数增加的趋势,证明了车流的扰动因素对瓶颈通行能力有很大的影响。     

Variation in the value of travel time savings and its impact on the benefits of managed lanes

This paper examines the variation in the value of travel time savings (VTTS) for travelers with a managed lane (ML) option when taking an ordinary trip versus a trip that is unusual in some way. VTTS estimates vary substantially depending on the urgency of the trip made. At the low end, the mean VTTS for a traveler who wants to make extra stops and still arrive on time is approximately 10% higher than that for an ordinary trip. At the high end, a traveler running late for an appointment shows a mean VTTS that is approximately 300% higher than that for an ordinary trip. These estimates vary widely over the population of travelers. In light of these variations, the value of an uncongested travel alternative (such as MLs) is examined and found to be greatly undervalued if using typical VTTS estimates.     

Investigating preference heterogeneity in Value of Time (VOT) and Value of Reliability (VOR) estimation for managed lanes

This paper presents an empirical study in investigating user heterogeneity of Value of Time (VOT) and Value of Reliability (VOR). Combined Revealed Preference (RP) and Stated Preference (SP) data were used to understand traveler choice behavior regarding the usage of managed lanes (MLs). The data were obtained from the South Florida Expressway Stated Preference Survey, which focused on automobile drivers who had traveled on the I-75, I-95, or SR 826 corridors in South Florida. Mixed logit modeling was applied and indicated an average value of $13.55 per hour for VOT and $16.13 per hour for VOR. Potential sources of heterogeneity in user sensitivities to time, reliability, and cost were identified and quantified by adding interaction effects of the variables in the mixed logit model. The findings indicated that various socioeconomic demographic characteristics and trip attributes contributed to the variations in VOT and VOR at different magnitudes. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding on what attributes lead to higher or lower VOT and VOR and to what extent. These findings can be incorporated into the demand forecasting process and lead to better estimates and enhanced analytical capabilities in various applications, such as toll feasibility studies, pricing strategy and policy evaluations, and impact analysis.     

Dynamic pricing for managed lanes with multiple entrances and exits

Priced managed lanes are increasingly being used to better utilize the existing capacity of the roadway to relieve congestion and offer reliable travel time to road users. In this paper, we investigate the optimization problem for pricing managed lanes with multiple entrances and exits which seeks to maximize the revenue and minimize the total system travel time (TSTT) over a finite horizon. We propose a lane choice model where travelers make online decisions at each diverge point considering all routes on a managed lane network. We formulate the problem as a deterministic Markov decision process and solve it using the value function approximation (VFA) method for different initializations. We compare the performance of the toll policies predicted by the VFA method against the myopic revenue policy which maximizes the revenue only at the current timestep and two heuristic policies based on the measured densities on the managed and general purpose lanes (GPLs). We test the results on four different test networks. The primary findings from our research suggest the usefulness of the VFA method for determining dynamic tolls. The best-found objective value from the method at its termination is better than other heuristics for all test networks with average improvements in the objective ranging between 10% and 90% for revenue maximization and 0–27% for TSTT minimization. Certain VFA initializations obtain best-found toll profiles within first 5–50 iterations which warrants computational time savings. Our findings also indicate that the revenue-maximizing optimal policies follow the “jam-and-harvest” behavior where the GPLs are pushed towards congestion in the earlier time steps to generate higher revenue in the later time steps, a characteristic not observed for the policies minimizing TSTT.     

强制性换道的空间特征对分流区交通流的影响

为研究车辆在多车道分流区的跟驰换道行为，将强制性换道划分为激进型和保守型.在考虑驾驶员换道需求与空间位置关系的基础上，量化两种强制性换道行为的转换条件，并给出车辆强制性换道规则；对跟驰模型中的减速度参数进行优化，建立多车道下分流车辆的跟驰换道模型；采用实际数据标定模型中关键参数，并验证模型的可行性.仿真结果表明：分流车辆的横向空间分布对交通流的干扰具有显著性影响；当分流车辆集中在最左侧车道时，中间2车道的运行速度波动明显，折减量最大时达到51.4%，恢复稳定所需时间更多；通过 4组实验场景发现，分流车辆的合理空间分布对交通流运行速度有较大的改善作用.     

轨道列车时刻表问题研究综述

广泛的实践应用和复杂的计算挑战,使得轨道列车时刻表优化问题,多年来一直是交通运 输及运筹管理学界的热点研究问题。作为轨道交通运营规划的一个子阶段,列车时刻表向上与 线路规划(或开行方案)、向下与动车组调度融合,可以得到多个延伸的研究选题。在特定的时空 网络中,列车时刻表设计就是为每个列车确定一条无冲突的运行路径,使基于用户的度量指标如 乘客候车时间,或企业的度量指标如运营费用达到最优。对于没有列车越行和停站模式给定的 情况,通过整数变量可以完整地刻画列车时刻表模型,但如果考虑列车越行或列车停站决策,则 需要引入列车在车站出发顺序或停车决策的0-1变量。一般而言,列车时刻表问题的数学模型是 一类典型的大规模、多目标、强耦合的NP完全问题。算法设计是列车时刻表问题最为重要和困 难的部分。对于问题较简单或规模较小的情况,常用方法是对原有复杂问题进行适当简化和(或) 对难处理表达式进行合理修改,然后使用先进的计算架构和商用优化软件求解更新后模型。当 然,分支定界和动态规划这两类直接分解算法,是求解列车时刻表问题的重要方法。对于问题复 杂和规模庞大的情况,以拉格朗日和列生成为代表的对偶分解算法,则是求解列车时刻表问题的 最佳选择。未来,探讨列车时刻表与各种现实需要(如设施维修),以及时变票价和客票分配等因 素之间的深度融合,是一个有价值的研究方向;其次,研究网络环境下列车时刻表问题,将是一个 非常有意义的研究选题;最后,应进一步设计集成了问题特点与现代优化技术的各类求解算法, 开发能够完全应用于实际运营的商用软件。     

某双洞八车道隧道小净距优化的数值分析

以某双洞八车道小净距隧道为依托,从中间岩柱塑性区域、后行洞对先行洞位移及内力的影响等几个方面,探讨了各种围岩级别下四车道小净距隧道的最小净距的合理取值,对超大断面隧道的设计有一定的借鉴意义。     

中小城市摩托车专用车道设置与实用效果分析

摩托车因其自身的灵活便捷且出行成本低等优势,在国内依然有相当大的保有量。近年来,为解决摩托车的管理问题,国内大多数城市以简单禁令限制摩托车的发展。本文从技术管理的角度出发,在参考国内外摩托车管理模式的基础上,深入分析了摩托车、汽车混行道路上摩托车的交通特性,根据其行驶特性以及道路、交通流的不同条件组合,提出摩托车专用车道的设置方式,以提高道路交通安全水平、改善行车秩序。     

Capacity of Dual-Right-Turn Lanes at Signalized Intersections under Mixed Traffic Conditions

To explore the potential capacity of dual-right-turn lanes at signalized intersections under mixed traffic conditions, we defined two conflict zones between right turn vehicles and through bicycle corresponding to different right turn flows from dual-right-turn lanes. Relationships between the arrival rate of bicycle group at each conflict zone and the saturation flow rate of right turn movement were investigated. A model based on gap acceptance theory was adopted to estimate the capacity of dual-right-turn lanes under mixed traffic conditions. An analysis was carried out using the collected data from three four-leg signalized intersections in Beijing, China, where the dual-right-turn lanes were used. In addition, we also discussed the patterns of bicycle lane in the urban area of Beijing, and classified it based on its characteristics in use. It is concluded that the two lanes of dual-right-turn lanes produce different capacities under mixed traffic conditions, and the analysis on scenarios of dual-right-turn movement traversing bicycle traffic plays a key role in explaining the different capacity performance of the two right turn lanes. Error analysis of the model indicated that the model was rational.