关于天津港泥沙回淤程度的评价

关于港口泥沙回淤程度的评价指标与标准,国内、外目前尚无专著文献.依据天津港多年的有关资料,采用“挖泥吞吐比”、“淤强水深比”两个指标,提出了港口泥沙回淤程度的分类标准,并对天津港总体和分区的回淤程度进行了评定.     

Fault tolerant nonlinear control with applications to an automated transit bus

This paper presents an integrated structure for a passive and active fault tolerant control (FTC) design approach in the framework of a robust nonlinear control technique called Dynamic Surface Control (DSC). As motivated by the automated vehicle application, we consider two categories of possible faults: pre-specified (a priori) and non-specified faults. It is first shown that DSC can be considered as a passive FTC approach in the sense that it gives simultaneous robust stability to a set of nonlinear systems even in the presence of model uncertainties and the pre-specified faults. Then, the non-specified fault is classified depending on the fault’s impact on the closed-loop system and isolatability from a fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) system. If a fault is both intolerable and isolatable, an active FTC approach is taken which includes FDD and controller reconfiguration. More specifically, trajectory reconfiguration is considered to accommodate the actuator fault, i.e., to compensate for the performance loss due to the fault within the framework of a switched hierarchical structure. Finally, the integrated structure for the longitudinal control of an automated transit bus is designed through the proposed method. Simulation results of the fault tolerant controller are shown for both single and multiple multiplicative faults. This controller was implemented on the California PATH transit buses in a demonstration of automated public transportation technology in San Diego, California in August of 2003.     

灰色理论在养护决策中的应用研究

选取平整度、车辙、抗滑能力、路面破损作为控制指标,采用灰色聚类法对养护路段进行分类,以达到科学决策的目的,可为类似公路的养护提供参考。     

紧急疏散情况下地铁车站动态瓶颈识别

随着城市轨道交通系统逐渐成网,地铁车站日渐拥挤,为了制定科学有效的紧急疏散方案,有必要预先找到车站瓶颈点。基于时间可靠度函数模拟乘客在紧急情况下路径选择行为,在此基础上引入M//G/C/C排队模型对车站排队系统各个服务台进行排队性能指标计算,找出潜在瓶颈点。以广州地铁3号线岗顶站为例,结合车站硬件设施尺寸数量,模拟计算最恶劣情况下乘客疏散过程,找到3处潜在瓶颈点,测算结果与实际观测情况相符合,验证了该方法的有效性。     

拖船操纵运动与水下拖曳列阵的耦合运动分析

建立了拖船操纵运动与水下拖曳列阵的三维非线性数学模型,求解了在脐带非线性缆力作用下的运动方程,模拟了拖曳系统在几种典型状态下其缆索的形态变化,以及列阵张力变化。     

沥青混合料理论最大密度不同测定方法的比较

采用不同测定方法，对3种级配沥青混合料的理论最大相对密度检测值进行对比分析。得出由于测定方法不一，导致理论密度的差异及对混合料体积指标的影响，说明测定方法唯一性的重要性。及引入“矿料有效密度”计算理论最大密度的合理性。     

Ant Colony Routing algorithm for freeway networks

Dynamic traffic routing refers to the process of (re)directing vehicles at junctions in a traffic network according to the evolving traffic conditions. The traffic management center can determine desired routes for drivers in order to optimize the performance of the traffic network by dynamic traffic routing. However, a traffic network may have thousands of links and nodes, resulting in a large-scale and computationally complex non-linear, non-convex optimization problem. To solve this problem, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is chosen as the optimization method in this paper because of its powerful optimization heuristic for combinatorial optimization problems. ACO is implemented online to determine the control signal – i.e., the splitting rates at each node. However, using standard ACO for traffic routing is characterized by four main disadvantages: 1. traffic flows for different origins and destinations cannot be distinguished; 2. all ants may converge to one route, causing congestion; 3. constraints cannot be taken into account; and 4. neither can dynamic link costs. These problems are addressed by adopting a novel ACO algorithm with stench pheromone and with colored ants, called Ant Colony Routing (ACR). Using the stench pheromone, the ACR algorithm can distribute the vehicles over the traffic network with less or no traffic congestion, as well as reduce the number of vehicles near some sensitive zones, such as hospitals and schools. With colored ants, the traffic flows for multiple origins and destinations can be represented. The proposed approach is also implemented in a simulation-based case study in the Walcheren area, the Netherlands, illustrating the effectiveness of the approach.     

A bi-objective dynamic programming approach for airline green fleet planning

Ensuring a fleet of green aircraft is a basic step in mitigating aviation pollution issues that are expected to be worsen in the coming years due to rapid air traffic growth. This study proposed a novel methodology in green fleet planning in which both profit and green performance of airline are considered simultaneously and explicitly. To do this, a Green Fleet Index (GFI) is derived as an indicator to quantify the green performance of airline’s fleet. It measures the degree of airline compliance with a standard requirement in terms of emission, noise, and fuel consumption. A bi-objective dynamic programming model is then formulated to find optimal aircraft acquisition (lease or purchase) decision by minimizing GFI and maximizing profit. Several interesting results are obtained: (1) considering environmental issue as secondary objective yields a greener fleet; (2) airline’s profit is affected, but could be recovered from environmental cost savings; (3) increasing load factor is an effective operational improvement strategy to enhance airline’s green performance and raise profit level. It is anticipated that the framework developed in this study could assist airlines to make a smart decision when considering the need to be green.     

GSM-R无线网络切换的关键指标研究

根据GSM-R无线网络切换的特点,对切换的几个关键技术指标进行重点分析,提出衡量GSM-R网络切换质量的几个关键指标,为网络优化提供关键参数。     

区域综合交通规划环境影响评价指标体系研究

近年来,区域综合交通规划取得蓬勃发展,但相应的规划环评还处于实践探索阶段,环评指标在累积性评价、运输结构优化、“三线一单”新要求等方面尚存短板。在充分研究公路、铁路、航空、港口、航道等单项交通规划环评和现有综合交通规划环评案例指标的基础上,根据区域综合交通规划及其环境影响的特征,按照科学性和系统性、综合性和宏观性、政策性和导向性、操作性和适用性的原则,提出了区域综合交通规划环评指标体系。分为生态功能、环境质量、资源能源等3大类,生态系统结构、生态敏感区、生物多样性、水环境、大气环境、环境风险、土地资源、水资源、岸线资源、能源等10方面共19个指标,逐项反馈于规划的总体规模、空间布局和运输结构。