城市轨道交通三维缓冲区构建方法

为解决现有地理信息系统无法完成城市轨道交通三维缓冲区构建的难题,采用八叉树作为构建三维缓冲区的基础数据结构,用线性八叉树编码储存轨道交通实体的空间结构信息,将交通三维缓冲区分析转化为八叉树节点的空间分析。研究了八叉树节点的空间关系,得出了一种线性八叉树邻域分析的新算法,即0-1互换算法。运用0-1互换算法找出轨道交通的边界节点,确定边界节点的边界方向,由边界节点构建交通三维缓冲区,形成了一套由线性八叉树构建城市轨道交通三维缓冲区的新方法。运用0-1互换算法对直线隧道、曲线隧道、直线高架桥、曲线高架桥等轨道交通实体模型进行边界节点提取,并与传统算法和经典肖氏算法进行了比较。选择连拱隧道、单拱隧道和高架桥3种结构,分别进行了三维缓冲区构建,统计了3种结构分割的八叉树节点数量,并与采用传统栅格结构进行三维缓冲区分析的栅格节点数量进行对比。分析结果表明:与传统算法和经典肖氏算法相比,0-1互换算法在对直线隧道、曲线隧道、直线高架桥、曲线高架桥4种轨道交通实体模型的边界节点提取中耗时最少,分别为5、7、10、18ms,将算法的时间复杂度由二次阶减少为一次阶;基于线性八叉树的交通三维缓冲区构建方法,对连拱隧道、单拱隧道与高架桥进行三维缓冲区构建时,其存储空间分别为栅格结构的7.26%、3.64%、3.72%。可见,基于线性八叉树结构的交通三维缓冲区构建方法能显著降低分析节点数量,提高交通三维缓冲区的构建效率。     

快递服务网点选址模型研究

为了提高快递企业收益,同时满足用户时效要求和费用要求,对快递企业服务网点的选址问题进行优化分析,建立0-1混合整数规划模型.采用GM(1,1)模型在MATLAB环境下预测用户未来需求量;考虑交通因素对运输成本的影响,进而影响快递企业收益以及网点的新建位置,建立关于交通影响因素的快递企业总收益的0-1混合整数规划模型.在预测用户未来需求量的前提下,利用LINGO11.0软件求解0-1混合整数规划模型,求得在满足用户费用要求和时效要求条件下,快递企业收益最大化的服务网点新建位置.通过算例分析,该方法能够快速有效获得最优解,符合服务网点选址的实际要求和长远发展.     

Profile-speed data-based models to estimate operating speeds for urban residential streets with a 30 km/h speed limit

A speed limit of 30 kilometres per hour (km/h) has been widely introduced for urban residential streets to ensure traffic safety and allow these streets to fulfil other intended functions. However, excessive speeds on these roads are very common, causing traffic safety problems and threatening the liveability of neighbourhoods. An effective and active way to deal with speeding is the application of a performance-based design approach, as mentioned in previous research. In a performance-based design approach, street geometrics and roadside elements are selected based on their influence on the desired driving speeds. The relationship between driving speeds and street features therefore needs to be determined. Although several studies have developed operating speed models for urban streets, all of these models were calibrated based on data for streets with speed limits of more than 30 km/h. The present research is designed to investigate the influence of various roadway and roadside characteristics on operating speeds on urban tangent street sections with a 30 km/h speed limit using profile-speed data. A simultaneous equation regression with a three-stage-least-square (3SLS) estimator was used for the modelling effort. The driving speed models developed in this study incorporate several street design factors, which provide helpful information for urban planners and street designers to cope with speeding issues on residential streets.     

J积分法测定E5015焊缝断裂韧性

以ASTM E813-89试验标准为依据,采用J积分法,用紧凑拉伸标准试件在MTS-810疲劳试验机上测量Q345钢的常用焊条E5015焊缝的断裂韧性,为工程应用提供重要的材料参数.     

An innovative method for the analysis of vehicle movements in roundabouts based on image processing

The objective of this paper is to propose a method, based on the image processing of field survey data, to analyze vehicles movements into roundabouts. This research study consisted of three stages: a field survey to collect vehicular flow images captured by video cameras, the processing of these images using a proprietary software (VeTRA—Vehicle Tracking for Roundabout Analysis), and finally, the analysis of the collected data. The main feature of the software is that it allows the automatic computation of the main variables necessary to rank and evaluate a generic roundabout: the entry/exit (E/E) matrix with classification of vehicles (e.g., heavy, light, and motorbikes), vehicle trajectories, and vehicular speed diagrams along the paths inside the roundabout. The processing system is robust enough to withstand classic problems affecting image processing such as variable wind conditions, cloud cover, shadows, and obstructions. Calibration and error evaluation have been deduced from data collected by a high precision Real Time Kinematic GPS video recording system mounted on a probe vehicle. Data of E/E matrices generated by VeTRA are compared with those manually counted on the corresponding video images. A case study of an existing roundabout is featured in the paper. The results indicate that the software has a high capability of generating the E/E matrix. The analysis of vehicular trajectories with both the plot of curvature diagrams and the corresponding speed diagrams enable the evaluation of driver behavior relative to the geometric shape of the roundabout. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

桥梁0#、1#块施工技术探析

大跨度连续刚构桥0#块施工既是桥梁施工中的关键环节,也是施工难点之一.结合某预应力桥梁施工情况,对桥梁0#块的施工技术进行总结,可供今后类似工程的施工参考借鉴.     

基于Web2．0的高校图书馆个性化信息服务

摘要本文从Web2．0的涵义与特征、高校图书馆用户个性化信息服务的特点和Web2．0技术在高校图书馆个性化服务中的应用等三个方面论述基于Web2．0的高校图书馆个性化信息服务。     

基于“4M1E”影响因素的敞开式TBM快速掘进保障措施

TBM施工是一个复杂的系统工程,涉及的专业多、领域广,需要各个制约因素的高效集成,充分确保TBM设备利用率,加快施工进度,是体现TBM优势的关键。将影响TBM施工的各项因素归结为"人、机、料、法、环"5个方面进行研究。结果表明,通过培养高素质的人员管理队伍、保障完好的设备状态加之对材料供应、施工方法、环境控制等方面的科学管理,能够发挥人员的主观能动性、降低施工风险、体现设备的先进性,使快速掘进得以实现。     

基于Pro/E的渐开线斜齿圆柱齿轮的参数化设计

提供了一种基于Pro/E的渐开线斜齿圆柱齿轮的参数化设计方法,可精确建立渐开线斜齿圆柱齿轮模型,使研发设计人员从繁琐的建模过程中解脱出来,缩短了研发设计时间.     

汽车空调系统1与0的检查

文章提出了汽车空调系统"1"、"0"检查概念,并详细阐述了汽车空调1"、"0"检查内容和方法.