Examining the linkages between electronic roadway tolling technologies and road pricing policy objectives

The surge of road pricing projects in the U.S. and around the globe over the past 15 years has been enabled by a variety of new communication and transportation technologies. While all of these technologies increase the efficiency of roadway tolling vis-à-vis manual collection, no “best” configuration has emerged. Rather, optimal configurations depend on the objectives of the tolling effort, such as facility type, geographic scope, desire to price externalities, integration with other operations, and so on. While such policy objectives for road pricing have been examined extensively, little has been written on the explicit links between tolling technology configurations and policy objectives. This paper addresses this gap in the literature through an examination of eight road pricing programs. For each program we evaluate the conduct of the three technical tasks via the nine technology sets in light of six principal policy objectives of road pricing.     

Development and comparison of choice models and tolling schemes for high-occupancy/toll (HOT) facilities

A high-occupancy/toll (HOT) lane is an increasingly popular form of traffic management strategy which reserves a set of freeway lanes for HOVs and transit users, while allowing low-occupancy vehicles (LOVs) to enter for a fee. In turn, HOT lanes maintain a minimal level of service by regulating the volume of entering LOVs. The focus of this paper is how to model the choice process of individual drivers, which dictates the volume of LOVs that choose to pay and take the HOT lane. Such models and the insights they provide can be very helpful for the toll setting process. Two simple formulations (an all-or-nothing assignment and an additive logit model) are compared with a proposed formulation based on the population value of time (VOT) distribution. Both static and dynamic toll setting algorithms are studied based on the proposed lane choice model, and their performance is compared under deterministic traffic behavior.     

基于概率分析的高速公路联网收费路径识别技术

根据高速公路联网收费的特点,提出了一种基于概率分析的路径识别方法.其基本思路是在对含环路网有效路径分析的基础上,采用一定的交通量分配方法,通过比较分配交通量与调查交通量的误差来拟合和修正路径分配概率,用以实现对车辆路径的识别.该方法在河南省高速公路联网收费中已经得到实际应用,应用效果表明该方法是适用、可行的.     

高速公路堵漏增收工作的现状及对策

堵漏增收工作是收费管理工作的一项主要内容,是促进收费管理工作规范、有序发展的重要保障。文章阐述了高速公路车辆偷逃通行费的主要形式及特点,并从管理角度着手探讨了车辆通行费的堵漏增收对策。     

Minimizing CO2e emissions by setting a road toll

The main purpose of this paper is to develop a bi-level pricing model to minimize the CO₂e emissions and the total travel time in a small road network. In the lower level of the model, it is assumed that users of the road network find a dynamic user equilibrium which minimizes the total costs of those in the system. For the higher level of the model, different road toll strategies are applied in order to minimize the CO₂e emissions. The model has been applied to an illustrative example. It shows the effects on traffic flows, revenues, total time and CO₂e emissions for different numbers of servers collecting tolls and different pricing strategies over a morning peak traffic period. The results show that the CO₂e emissions produced can be significantly affected by the number of servers and the type of toll strategy employed. The model is also used to find the best toll strategy when there is a constraint on the revenue that is required to be raised from the toll and how this affects the emissions produced. Further runs compare strategies to minimize the CO₂e emissions with those that minimize total travel time in the road system. In the illustrative example, the results for minimizing CO₂e emissions are shown to be similar to the results obtained from minimizing the total travel time.     

基于AHP和ANN的不同车型收费系数确定

不同车型收费系数反映了不同车型用户承担收费公路通行费的比价关系,合理的收费系数,应该实现责任和效益的双重公平.在建立影响不同车型收费费率的指标体系前提下,综合考虑定量和定性因素,分别建立了关于道路破坏和级差效益指标的两个BP神经网络,利用层次分析法,构造BP网络的输入和输出样本,通过训练获得稳定的网络结构和权重,然后输入不同车型代表性指标值,确定不同车型的收费系数.实验表明,该方法不仅理论上可行,而且实践上得到了不同车型收费系数的合理取值区间.     

高速公路动态可拓展收费系统与开发

为提高出口车道通行效率,开发出满足货车计重收费、电子支付等要求,能实现数据实时无线传输、无线网络安全控制、栏杆控制、票据打印等功能的动态可拓展收费系统。该系统可在单车道实现多点动态收费,为今后的高速公路收费模式开辟了全新的思路。     

城市路外停车场停车费率计算模型

考虑停车场建设资金的时间价值和投资回收期，建立了路外停车场停车费率的计算模型．以武汉市路外停车场为例，说明模型的应用过程和方法．以模型为基础，对影响停车费率的平均建设成本、运行费用、夜间停车费、夜间停车场占有率和有效收费时间等因素进行了分析．实例计算表明，模型计算结果与实际相符合．     

汤口收费站扩建中的启示

对一般高速公路,以第304位小时交通量作为设计参考具有合理性和适应性,而对旅游公路,交通流季节性变动很强．若采用第30位小时交通量进行计算,则会导致在高峰小时期间交通严重阻塞。结合交通量、平均服务时间、平均服务水平可合理确定收费车道数。     

基于GPS的电子收费系统研究

介绍了基于GPS的电子收费系统（GPS-based ETC）,分析了系统的框架组成、工作原理和功能模块,重点对车载终端系统和管理控制中心系统进行了分析,并讨论了系统的优缺点。目前的研究是基于GPS的电子收费系统的框架组成。而基于GPS的电子收费系统,在国内应用以及收费监控实现将是下一个研究方向。