生态环境可持续发展下山岭隧道防排水设计理念和工程措施之我见

现行山岭隧道的防排水设计和施工建造时,对水以排为主的措施引起周边环境的负面影响越来越大。在生态环境可持续发展要求下,实施工程要综合考虑与现有生态环境的友好关系,隧道防排水设计和工程措施需要考虑对环境的长远影响。结合工程实践,提出对山岭隧道在规划、设计和施工时,宜适当调整工程建设理念,改进工程实施措施,在改善人文环境的同时,缓解工程实施对生态环境的影响和破坏。     

Estimating cycleway capacity and bicycle equivalent unit for electric bicycles

With the rapid increase of electric bicycles (E-bikes) in China, the heterogeneous bicycle traffic flow comprising regular bicycles and E-bikes using shared cycleway creates issues in terms of efficiency as well as safety. Capacity and bicycle equivalent units (BEUs) for E-bikes are two most important parameters for the planning, design, operation, and management of bicycle facilities. In this paper, eight traffic flow fundamental diagrams are developed for one-way cycleway capacity estimation, and a novel BEU estimation model is also proposed. Eleven datasets from different shared cycleway sections with different cycleway widths were collected in Hangzhou, China for estimation and evaluation purposes. The results indicate that, with around 70% share of E-bikes, the mean estimated capacity is 2348 bicycle/h/m. The effects on the capacity of the proportions of E-bikes, gender of cyclists, age of cyclists, and cyclists carrying things were also analyzed. The results implied that the estimated capacity is independent of a cyclist’s gender and age, but increases with the proportion of E-bikes. According to this study, the mean BEU for the E-bike is 0.66, and the converted capacities of pure regular bicycles and pure E-bikes are 1800 and 2727 bicycle/h/m, respectively. These findings can be used to propose practical countermeasures to improve the capacity of heterogeneous bicycle traffic flow on shared cycleway.     

挡土墙绿化技术综合研究

提出了生态挡土墙的技术思想,并结合多种挡土墙结构形式进行系统的研究。随着人们审美观念的提升和环保意识的增强,挡土墙结构应向绿化、降噪、除尘等多功能方向发展。     

长春至四平段高速公路改扩建工程旧桥主梁承载能力评定

根据桥梁调查及检测结果,确定各项修正系数,采用基于检测结果以检算为主的评定方法对旧桥主梁进行承载能力评定;选取典型桥梁进行荷载试验,验证并修正评定方法中相应系数,进而推广至全线桥梁使用。     

长荆线扩能改造方案研究

随着地方经济发展带来客货运量的较快增长,长荆线作为一条单线电气化铁路,技术标准偏低,运输能力将无法满足未来运量需要,亟需扩能改造。阐述长荆线现状,分析主要限制区间,结合长荆线近、远期客货运量特点及线路存在的薄弱环节,从提高牵引质量、改变区间行车闭塞方式、增设会让站、增建二线多个角度出发,提出提高牵引质量至5000 t方案、提高牵引质量至10000 t方案等6种可能的扩能改造方案,经综合比选,推荐提高牵引质量至5000 t并增开所有缓开站方案为长荆线扩能改造最优方案,为我国单线铁路扩能改造提供借鉴。     

Predicting and planning airport acceptance rates in metroplex systems for improved traffic flow management decision support

Efficient planning of Airport Acceptance Rates (AARs) is key for the overall efficiency of Traffic Management Initiatives such as Ground Delay Programs (GDPs). Yet, precisely estimating future flow rates is a challenge for traffic managers during daily operations as capacity depends on a number of factors/decisions with very dynamic and uncertain profiles. This paper presents a data-driven framework for AAR prediction and planning towards improved traffic flow management decision support. A unique feature of this framework is to account for operational interdependency aspects that exist in metroplex systems and affect throughput performance. Gaussian Process regression is used to create an airport capacity prediction model capable of translating weather and metroplex configuration forecasts into probabilistic arrival capacity forecasts for strategic time horizons. To process the capacity forecasts and assist the design of traffic flow management strategies, an optimization model for capacity allocation is developed. The proposed models are found to outperform currently used methods in predicting throughput performance at the New York airports. Moreover, when used to prescribe optimal AARs in GDPs, an overall delay reduction of up to 9.7% is achieved. The results also reveal that incorporating robustness in the design of the traffic flow management plan can contribute to decrease delay costs while increasing predictability.     

Operation of signalized diamond interchanges with frontage roads using dynamic reversible lane control

Signalized diamond interchanges (SDI), connecting major highways and surface streets in urban and suburban areas, are probably the most widely used interchange patterns. The limited storage space between the two closely joined intersections coupled with heavy traffic volumes may easily oversaturate the facility and cause spillback problems, especially with the presence of frontage roads. This paper presents an innovative design and operational model for SDI by dynamically reversing certain lanes in the internal link on a regular basis with the deployment of overhead reversible lane control signs. A Binary-Mixed-Integer-Linear-Program (BMILP) is formulated to simultaneously optimize lane markings, dynamic usage of the reversible lane, and signal timings for the new SDI system. Results from extensive numerical analyses reveal the promising property of the proposed design and operational model in expanding capacity and reducing congestion at the SDI with frontage roads.     

Recent success stories on integrated optimization of railway systems

Planning and operating railway transportation systems is an extremely hard task due to the combinatorial complexity of the underlying discrete optimization problems, the technical intricacies, and the immense size of the problem instances. Because of that, however, mathematical models and optimization techniques can result in large gains for both railway customers and operators, e.g., in terms of cost reductions or service quality improvements. In the last years a large and growing group of researchers in the OR community have devoted their attention to this domain developing mathematical models and optimization approaches to tackle many of the relevant problems in the railway planning process. However, there is still a gap to bridge between theory and practice (e.g. Cacchiani et al., 2014; Borndörfer et al., 2010), with a few notable exceptions. In this paper we address three individual success stories, namely, long-term freight train routing (part I), mid-term rolling stock rotation planning (part II), and real-time train dispatching (part III). In each case, we describe real-life, successful implementations. We will discuss the individual problem setting, survey the optimization literature, and focus on particular aspects addressed by the mathematical models. We demonstrate on concrete applications how mathematical optimization can support railway planning and operations. This gives proof that mathematical optimization can support the planning of railway resources. Thus, mathematical models and optimization can lead to a greater efficiency of railway operations and will serve as a powerful and innovative tool to meet recent challenges of the railway industry.     

A probabilistic approach to calculate capacity of signalized intersections with a red light camera

In recent years, red light cameras (RLCs) have been installed at many signalized intersections. The main reason behind installing RLCs is to reduce intersection‐related accidents caused because of a driver's behavior to cross the intersection when the signal turns red. By nature, if the driver is aware of the presence of RLC his or her driving behavior is bound to change. This behavioral change, however, may be intentional or unintentional. This may influence the utilization of yellow intervals resulting in a possible increase in dilemma zone, which in turn, may reduce the service capacity of the intersection. To accurately capture this capacity reduction, we present a probabilistic approach to modify the saturation flow rate formula in the Highway Capacity Manual that is currently used to calculate the capacity of signalized intersections. We introduce a new factor in the saturation flow rate calculation called red light reduction factor, to account for the capacity reduction owing to RLCs. Using field data from Baltimore, Maryland, we establish a relationship for the red light reduction factor. We then show that capacity of RLC‐equipped intersections is generally lower than that without RLCs. Although the percentage reduction in capacity of a single intersection may not seem significant, the cumulative impact of such reduction in a heavily traveled road network may be quite significant, resulting in significant loss in travel time. In future works, the systemwide capacity reduction owing to the presence of RLCs can be studied in congested transportation networks. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

列车分级控制方式对地铁列车最小间隔之影响分析

本文将结合北京地铁2号线的设计，重点分析采用一次模式制动曲线控制方式和速度分级控制方式对列车最小间隔时分的影响。