基于可拓学的生态影响评价方法在铁路选线中的应用

针对铁路工程选线的特点,从生态环境影响的评价指标选取入手,用优势度指数、均匀度指数、树木生长率等18项指标反映铁路工程建设对生态环境影响的各个方面。采用可拓学理论中优度评价法建立评价模型,按照确定待评物元、确定权系数、筛除不满足必备条件方案、建立关联函数并计算合格度、合格度规范化、计算优度等步骤进行定量的分析评价。通过对各待评方案优度值的比较,进行合理方案的选取。运用该评价方法对工程实例进行的评价分析证明,该方法具有简单、直观等优点,为在考虑铁路建设的生态环境问题基础上的线路方案选择提供一种新的综合评价方法。     

青藏铁路中小站区生态大棚污水处理技术

结合青藏铁路中小站区生活污水的特点,提出采用生态大棚系统,在青藏高原恶劣的自然环境中建立适宜常规污水生物处理工艺的人工小环境,为生活污水的生物处理提供必需的热平衡、O2CO2循环平衡和水循环平衡。利用有限元分析软件进行热平衡仿真计算,设计生态大棚。通过在实验室对2种常规的污水生物处理工艺进行比选,确定采用好氧生物—土地处理工艺进行青藏铁路中小站区生活污水处理的现场实验。现场实验表明:在生态大棚内部采用4级生物转盘与土地处理相结合的工艺,经过处理的生活污水达到了国家1级排放标准,CODCr去除率达到87.3%以上,可有效保护青藏铁路运营后的高原环境。     

基层站段提高卸车能力的措施

以古冶站为例,通过对该站卸车情况的调查,从改变硬件设施、增设卸车线路、优化运输组织、制定调卸车预案、预储接卸能力、发挥区域协作能力等各方面,提出提高卸车能力的措施。     

基于绿色交通理念的深圳市盐田区交通规划探索与实践

绿色交通已经成为建设低碳社会的有效抓手,是当今世界城市交通发展的必然趋势。首先介绍了绿色交通的内涵与基本特征,提出了绿色交通的发展内容与模式;在借鉴国内外绿色交通发展经验的基础上,并在深圳市绿色交通体系及模式的指引下,对深圳市国家生态城区——盐田区进行了绿色交通规划的探索。结合盐田区城市土地空间不足、生态资源受约束的现实条件,采取了空间差异性交通发展模式,并着重分析了地区公共交通系统、自行车、山海步行系统的发展规划思路。     

马克思主义生态文明观及其当代实践魅力

马克思主义关于人与自然、自然异化和可持续发展理论,阐明了人与自然之间不可分割的关系,破坏或过度开发自然对人类的危害,资源、环境与人类之间的可持续发展关系等前瞻性观点,这是我国当代生态文明的重要思想源头。中国特色社会主义生态文明理论继续和发展了马克思主义的生态文明观,体现了马克思主义生态文明的价值诉求,是未来中国社会发展的重要目标。     

Planktonic community structure and carbon cycling in the Arabian Sea as a result of monsoonal forcing: the application of a generic model

The Arabian Sea exhibits a complex pattern of biogeochemical and ecological dynamics, which vary both seasonally and spatially. These dynamics have been studied using a one-dimensional vertical hydrodynamic model coupled to a complex ecosystem model, simulating the annual cycle at three contrasting stations. These stations are characterised by seasonally upwelling, mixed-layer-deepening and a-seasonal oligotrophic conditions, respectively, and coincide with extensively measured stations on the two JGOFS ARABESQUE cruises in 1994. The model reproduces many spatial and temporal trends in production, biomass, physical and chemical properties, both qualitatively and quantitatively and so gives insight into the main mechanisms responsible for the biogeochemical and ecological complexity. Monsoonal systems are typified by classical food web dynamics, whilst intermonsoonal and oligotrophic systems are dominated by the microbial loop. The ecosystem model (ERSEM), developed for temperate regions, is found to be applicable to the Arabian Sea system with little reparameterisation. Differences in in-situ physical forcing are sufficient to recreate contrasting eutrophic and oligotrophic systems, although the lack of lateral terms are probably the greatest source of error in the model. Physics, nutrients, light and grazing are all shown to play a role in controlling production and community structure. Small-celled phytoplanktons are predicted to be dominant and sub-surface chlorophyll maxima are robust centers of production during intermonsoon periods. Analysis of carbon fluxes indicate that physically driven outgassing of CO₂ predominates in monsoonal upwelling systems but ecological activity may significantly moderate CO₂ outgassing in the Arabian Sea interior.     

上边坡生态防护技术——湿式客土喷播

高速公路上边坡生态防护技术日新月异。就客土喷播而言,有干式客土喷播、液压式客土喷播、湿式客土喷播等等,各种客土喷播形式各具特色,各有所长。在这里主要论述湿式客土喷播的使用、工艺原理、施工工艺、工程试验情况及优缺点。     

强夯法施工在朝黑高速公路上的应用

本文介绍了强夯施工的特点及基本理论,结合朝黑高速公路中湿陷性黄土的处理原则和处理过程,对强夯施工中的关键技术和控制要点以及加固效果作了阐述和分析.     

Unravelling effects of cooperative adaptive cruise control deactivation on traffic flow characteristics at merging bottlenecks

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) systems have the potential to increase roadway capacity and mitigate traffic congestion thanks to the short following distance enabled by inter-vehicle communication. However, due to limitations in acceleration and deceleration capabilities of CACC systems, deactivation and switch to ACC or human-driven mode will take place when conditions are outside the operational design domain. Given the lack of elaborate models on this interaction, existing CACC traffic flow models have not yet been able to reproduce realistic CACC vehicle behaviour and pay little attention to the influence of system deactivation on traffic flow at bottlenecks. This study aims to gain insights into the influence of CACC on highway operations at merging bottlenecks by using a realistic CACC model that captures driver-system interactions and string length limits. We conduct systematic traffic simulations for various CACC market penetration rates (MPR) to derive free-flow capacity and queue discharge rate of the merging section and compare these to the capacity of a homogeneous pipeline section. The results show that an increased CACC MPR can indeed increase the roadway capacity. However, the resulting capacity in the merging bottleneck is much lower than the pipeline capacity and capacity drop persists in bottleneck scenarios at all CACC MPR levels. It is also found that CACC increases flow heterogeneity due to the switch among different operation modes. A microscopic investigation of the CACC operational mode and trajectories reveals a close relation between CACC deactivation, traffic congestion and flow heterogeneity.     

以客运为主单线铁路通过能力计算方法

分析以客运为主单线铁路特点,指出在以客运为主的单线铁路,用现行以货运为主的计算方法计算这样的单线的通过能力是不合适的。引入虚拟限制区间的概念,即根据旅客列车旅速要求和其他参数取值计算出的一个距离值,探讨采用虚拟限制区间的方法计算旅客列车通过能力,货物列车占用的能力以扣除系数的形式表示。并结合具体线路检算不同旅行速度条件下的通过能力,结果表明,不同的旅速对通过能力有很大的影响,货物列车扣除系数也随着旅速的提高而显著降低。