Seaports and the structural implications of the economic crisis

The 2008 credit crunch and the subsequent economic crisis ended a period that lasted over two decades wherein international seaports around the globe experienced double-digit volume increases. This chapter provides an analysis of the structural effects that the crisis has on seaports, focusing mostly on developments in Europe. It does so via an examination of (a) the crisis implication for each of the four major types of transport flows that account for the vast majority of port throughput worldwide; (b) the prospects for future capacity organisation and development, given the realignment of the involvement strategies that the various stakeholders (i.e., governments, port authorities, service providers, users, investors) endorse in reaction to the financial tsunami; and (c) the adjustment opportunities, that the trade downturn unintentionally provides, allowing for correction of existing misallocations in the sector via the deployment of relevant adjustment strategies by the related actors. Recapping the identified structural consequences, the final section concludes on the changing role and responsibilities of port authorities and the ‘new issues’ that will require further investigation in the post-financial tsunami era.     

开发铁路运输安全综合评价决策支持系统（DSS）的探讨

通过对目前我国铁路运输安全评价中存在问题的分析，研究制定了适合于我国铁路运输安全现状的评价指标２８个，同时引人层次分析法（ＡＨＰ法）和模糊综合评判法等技术方法，开发了决策支持系统，文中全面介绍了系统的体系结构，数据库结构，模型库结构和系统功能等。     

机械化施工方案的技术经济分析

通过对机械化施工方案技术经济的重要性和分析步骤的叙述,介绍了机械化施工中工程成本的内容和计算方法,并重点描述了施工方案技术经济分析方法中常用的工程成本法和回收期计算法.     

Assessing the financial value of real-time energy trading services for privately owned non-commercial electric vehicles

Real-time energy trading services for privately owned non-commercial electric vehicles are characterized by an e-vehicle provider, by a provider of energy trading skills and technology, and by the fact that the latter manages (dis-)charging of the e-vehicle of the former with real-time energy prices. We conduct a simulation study to present a comprehensive assessment of the financial value of such services. Such an assessment is required in order to provide policymakers with guidance on if and how real-time trading services can serve as a tool to incentivize e-vehicle ownership. We propose a fully reproducible simulation model of the value creation process of real-time trading services, and use the model to assess services with a range of e-vehicle provider characteristics as well as with a range of technology setups. Our empirical results show that all considered real-time trading services are able to create significant energy cost savings, and that overall cost savings strongly depend on technology characteristics, surcharge rate, as well as on the e-vehicle provider's commute, household size, and office hours. We show that services including solar energy generation have the largest economic potential but do not necessarily maximize renewable energy deployment with residential households. We conclude with recommendations for policymakers on how to tap the full economic potential of real-time trading services for stimulating the adoption of e-vehicles.     

纯扫式扫路车的技术改进及实用效果

通过对纯扫式扫路车普遍存在的清扫效果差、二次污染大等缺陷的分析，提出以直立双筒滚刷清扫机构替代单滚刷机构的技术改进方案，并就其功率消耗及效益进行了分析     

基于Markov链修正的铁路运量灰色组合预测模型研究

预测模型的准确与否直接决定着未来经济规划与决策的有效制定。将灰色GM(1,1)-Verhulst组合预测模型与马尔可夫链方法相结合,同时引入信息熵理论的知识,提出基于Markov链修正的熵权法灰色组合预测方法,并以甘肃省2004年～2015年铁路客运量作为原始数据序列进行模型拟合,而且还以此为基础对甘肃省未来几年内的客运量发展趋势进行预测。结论:(1)在已知实际客运量年份内,该灰色组合预测模型的预测精度比单一灰色预测模型更高、更加准确;(2)采用马尔可夫链方法获得该组合模型的偏差规律,并依照此规律对预测结果进行修正,即由一个单一的预测数值修正成为区间和概率组成的预测范围;(3)通过比较2016年～2017年的客运量实际值、组合预测模型的单一预测值和Markov链修正的预测区间值,发现Markov链修正的预测结果与客运量实际值的吻合性良好,进一步验证此预测方法的可信性。     

Meta-analysis of UK values of travel time: An update

Numerous travel demand studies have been carried out over the past five decades, many of which produce estimates of the value of travel time. This includes a rich body of largely unpublished evidence, which can provide valuable insights into the impact of variables such as GDP, travel distance, purpose and mode on this critical parameter for transport modelling and appraisal. The work reported in this paper updates and extends our previous meta-analyses of UK values of time ( [Wardman, 1998], [Wardman, 2001a] and [Wardman, 2004]) by adding recent studies and widening the range of explanatory variables included. Our current research covers 226 studies carried out between 1960 and 2008, yielding a total of 1749 valuations (a 50% increase relative to our previous work) and making this the largest data set of its kind to the best of our knowledge. This is also the most comprehensive study to date of parameters other than in-vehicle time and includes valuations of walk, wait, headway, congested, free flow, late, departure time shift and search time. Exploratory analysis of the data set provides interesting insights into methodological trends in travel demand modelling.For each valuation, over thirty quantitative and categorical variables were recorded and then included in a multivariate regression model to explain variations in the value of time. A large number of statistically significant effects were obtained from this meta-analysis, some of which are in marked contrast with, or not present in, our previous work. One finding that stands out is that the estimated elasticity of the value of time with respect to GDP per capita is 0.9 and highly significant, a much closer correspondence to the widely used convention of a unit income elasticity over time than we have previously obtained. The ratio between walk and wait time and in-vehicle time was found to be substantially lower than the commonly used value of two. We also found large and significant differences between the results from studies based on different types of Stated Preference survey presentation. Other important effects include variations by mode used, mode valued, travel purpose, attribute type and distance. It is envisaged that the results are of direct relevance in the British context, as inputs to appraisal or for benchmarking, whilst the methodological implications are of broader interest and the results, in terms of time equivalents and variations in values of time, can be transferred to other contexts.     

LNG重型牵引车经济性及动力性研究

文章针对不同动力匹配的LNG重型牵引车,采用CRUISE仿真分析与车辆实际运行数据分析相结合的方法进行经济性及动力性研究,确定了仿真分析方法的可行性,为通过仿真分析进行动力匹配的优化提供了借鉴.     

交通噪声经济损失估算方法研究

噪声污染带来的经济损失是多方面和难以计算的。本文以交通噪声为例,运用环境经济学的观点和方法,介绍了估算交通噪声污染损失的3种常用方法:损害费用法、意愿型调查评估法和防护费用法,并对它们进行了比较研究。     

鄱阳湖生态经济区文化软实力建设刍议

鄱阳湖生态经济区文化软实力建设是提升鄱阳湖生态经济区整体实力和竞争力的必然要求,是指基于已有文化资源,通过采取相应举措,增强其内在的凝聚力、生命力、创新力和外在的感召力、吸引力、影响力。丰富的文化资源是文化软实力建设的基础。鄱阳湖生态经济区文化资源转化为文化软实力还面临内在凝聚力不强、对外传播力不大等诸多困境,提炼核心价值观、加强传播力度、推进资源开发、吸纳优质人才、强化合作交流、构建长效机制是破解困境之策。