Large-scale evacuation network optimization: a bi-level control method with uncertain arterial demand

To improve the efficiency of large-scale evacuations, a network aggregation method and a bi-level optimization control method are proposed in this paper. The network aggregation method indicates the uncertain evacuation demand on the arterial sub-network and balances accuracy and efficiency by refining local road sub-networks. The bi-level optimization control method is developed to reconfigure the aggregated network from both supply and demand sides with contraflow and conflict elimination. The main purpose of this control method is to make the arterial sub-network to be served without congestion and interruption. Then, a corresponding bi-objective network flow model is presented in a static manner for an oversaturated network, and a Genetic Algorithm-based solution method is used to solve the evacuation problem. The numerical results from optimizing a city-scale evacuation network for a super typhoon justify the validity and usefulness of the network aggregation and optimization control methods.     

朔黄铁路隧道防灾监控及应急通信系统的应用

为保证铁路安全运输,有必要进行沿线隧道特别是长大隧道的防灾监控及应急通信系统的建设。以朔黄铁路长梁山隧道为例,介绍隧道防灾监控及应急通信系统的结构、组成及应用。     

对海上突发事件及其应急机制的思考

预防和处置海上突发事件,已成为当前海警部队需要认真研究的重要课题。根据当前海上突发事件的特点,来建设和完善海上突发事件的应急机制,显得尤为迫切。根据海上突发事件所具有的发生的不确定性、种类多频率高、反应的紧迫性、处置的艰难性、一定的涉外性的特点,其应急机制应着重围绕机制的防控体系、训练体系、指挥体系、公关体系和善后体系来综合建设。     

紧急疏散情况下地铁车站动态瓶颈识别

随着城市轨道交通系统逐渐成网,地铁车站日渐拥挤,为了制定科学有效的紧急疏散方案,有必要预先找到车站瓶颈点。基于时间可靠度函数模拟乘客在紧急情况下路径选择行为,在此基础上引入M//G/C/C排队模型对车站排队系统各个服务台进行排队性能指标计算,找出潜在瓶颈点。以广州地铁3号线岗顶站为例,结合车站硬件设施尺寸数量,模拟计算最恶劣情况下乘客疏散过程,找到3处潜在瓶颈点,测算结果与实际观测情况相符合,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Studies on emergency evacuation management for maritime transportation

Marine transportation is a vital component of the world’s economy and transportation network. The number of people using passenger ships around the globe is increasing worldwide. Similar to other transportation systems, passenger safety is critical in maritime shipment. As emergency evacuation processes for ships are highly different from and more complicated than those for buildings and other vehicles, many researchers have published a vast range of documents related to this peculiar research area. However, there is a tangible lack of sufficient literature review studies that investigate marine emergency evacuation (MEE). That being the case, the potential of marine transportation and the effect of emergency evacuation operation on life safety have inspired the proposal of this study. This paper offers a review of the available literature on MEE modelling, analysis and planning during the period from 1973 to 2017 using a systematic approach. After reviewing relevant academic journals, peer-reviewed conference papers, and technical reports of agencies, relevant literature is analysed. In addition, the literature review is extended by means of proposing a framework methodology which considers different possible conditions and situations during MEE. Finally, insights for ship managers and policymakers are discussed and potential future research directions are identified.     

城市轨道交通乘客疏散防护设计与实例

针对目前城市轨道交通全自动运行线路紧急疏散存在的协同效率低、管控机制不完善等问题,研究多系统联动的乘客紧急疏散策略。结合不同驾驶模式和疏散区域的土建条件,提出由信号系统实现立即停车或条件停车,并自动触发疏散区域防护功能的设计方法,构建“车门紧急解锁手柄触发—列车制动—区域报警”三级应急响应机制。融合车辆、信号、通信、综合监控等多专业系统信息,发挥基于控制中心的远程协同和调度能力,实现多系统联动的整体疏散防护功能。苏州地铁5号线的工程实践表明,该设计方法通过自动化处置流程,可减少人工干预、缩短应急响应时间、优化疏散路径。研究成果为保证全自动运行线路的应急疏散能力提供了技术支撑,其协同控制策略可为提升城轨交通线路智能运维水平提供参考。     

落实科学发展观 提高辽宁辖区船舶溢油应急处置能力

船舶数量的增多和船舶大型化,使海上因船舶交通事故引发的船舶溢油风险概率大增。一直以来。由于我国对船舶溢油应急处置能力建设的滞后,有效应对海上溢油尤其是突发性重大溢油事故的能力还很弱,因此,尽快提高溢油应急处置能力具有重大的现实意义。文中从提高对船舶溢油应急处置能力重要性的认识出发。科学分析了造成应急处置能力低的根源,并从落实科学发展观的角度,具体提出了有效提高海上溢油应急处置能力的方法和途径。     

改进层次分析法在铁路应急预案评价中的应用研究

根据铁路应急预案的特点,建立了铁路应急预案综合评价指标体系。该指标体系具有层次结构复杂、指标分布不均衡的特性。本文对这些特性进行分析,研究其给传统层次分析法带来的影响及误差。据此,对传统层次分析法的构建指标层次结构方面进行改进,并引用G1法计算指标权重值,从而达到减少不利影响及误差的目的。最后以青藏铁路某专业应急预案为例,对该方法的合理性和可靠性进行验证,并指出该方法在其他领域的适用范围。     

船舶火灾应急程序之探讨

探讨船舶目前普遍采用的火灾应急程序,分析存在的问题,提出解决的方法,为进一步完善船舶消防安全工作提供参考。