Driver information systems — A North American perspective

Driver information systems (DIS) are considered in North America as a major category of Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems (IVHS), which offers to improve the efficiency and safety of driving by means of an amalgamation of information technology with vehicle and highway technologies. Traditionally North America has basic strengths in a number of information technologies that are relevant to DIS. Due to a hiatus in federal funding in the early 1980s, DIS development in North America during the past decade has emphasized autonomous systems on the vehicles until recently. The current acceleration of IVHS development in the United States has resulted from a number of converging forces and has provided the impetus for developing advanced driver information systems (ADIS) that integrates the vehicle and the highway. Large-scale demonstration and implementation of ADIS will hinge on the major legislations in the near future, and on the successful development of public-private sector partnerships in IVHS.     

Transportation — “Current on-board vehicle systems”

The paper reviews the current situation on-board microprocessor applications. It first describes the aspects of vehicle technology and performance that are the focus for on-board computing equipment, from engine management systems through to fully intergrated driver decision support. In the second section a wider perspective is taken by examining the interaction of the vehicle and its environment. The third and final section of the paper considers elements of communication which permit extensive transmission of vehicle and journey data for public and private use. The conclusion identifies factors which will influence the speed with which further applications will be adopted.     

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目前各大城市的交通拥挤都很严重，车流诱导可在一定程度上缓解这种交通状况，因此，许多城市正在大量安装可变情报板，用它来发布动态的车流诱导信息。如何更有效安全地利用可变情报板发布诱导信息，本文从可变情报板显示内容的刷新频率、重要信息的闪烁频率、图形文字的视认性等方面进行了一些定量的研究，并给出了若干比较有效的实施建议，如显式内容的相对固定化、城市路网的概要化、道路区域的色快化，以及显式内容颜色的通用化。     

浅析城市轨道交通电子导向系统

伴随着新时代社会经济的高速发展,城市化进程脚步的不断加快,城市轨道交通规模随之得到了扩大。就我国大部分城市轨道交通而言,交通结构往往较为复杂。所以,要想方便乘客在轨道交通车站中迅速找到出口,减少购票时间,避免出行线路出现错误,就必须为城市轨道交通设计一个电子导向系统。与此同时,本文将通过对电子导向系统优势的分析,指出电子导向系统架构的可行性,进而在解决传统导向功能存在负面问题的同时,为乘客信息系统的便捷化提供技术支持。     

中低速磁浮列车U形电磁铁的电磁力特性分析

由于中低速磁浮列车车体携带较重的初级线圈,影响了列车载客能力和牵引动力,为了提高中低速磁浮车的运载能力,必须提高U形磁铁的悬浮和导向能力。以国内已经开通运营的2条中低速磁浮试验线中U形电磁铁基本结构参数为例,建立U形电磁铁的3D有限元仿真,根据电磁力仿真结果,分析得到影响电磁力特性的主要结构参数为铁芯长度、磁极宽度、线圈厚度和励磁电流等,根据仿真计算结果,总结上述参数对电磁力特性的基本规律。根据主要结构参数的作用规律,更新了原来参数设计值,仿真结果验证了上述规律的正确性和新参数值的合理性。     

基于图像采集技术的地铁站台客流引导系统

地铁快速发展带来的高密度客流冲击,对地铁的运行效率,乘客出行的快捷性、实时性、舒适性造成了一定的影响。基于以上问题,对客流分布进行研究并提出基于图像采集技术的地铁站台客流引导系统,此系统是基于车厢内的摄像头采集客流信息,通过地铁运营方的数据库与处理中枢对客流信息进行分析处理,得出客流引导信息,同时显示在站台门上侧的屏幕上,实时显示列车客流信息。结果表明,通过本系统对于客流的引导,可以部分代替引导人员的安排,节省了大量的人力,使乘客快速舒适出行,可以有效提高地铁运行效率。     

盾构施工中自动导向系统的原理及应用

结合天津地铁二号线沙-博盾构区间段地下隧道贯通的测量实践,阐述了盾构机自动导向系统姿态定位测量的原理和方法,以及如何使用人工测量的方法来检核自动导向系统的准确性,分析了盾构机姿态定位检测的情况,并对盾构机姿态定位中的测量工作进行了深入细致的研究。     

System convergence — The potential for an integrated road transport environment

This chapter discusses the potential for co-ordinating developments in Road Transport Informatics (RTI) in what could otherwise be a number of fragmented approaches, in order to approach what the DRIVE programme calls the Integrated Road Transport Environment (IRTE). The discussion is presented with particular reference to European developments such as the PROMETHEUS and DRIVE research programmes, but is intended to encompass possible progress towards worldwide standardisation.The role of consensus formation in Europe in the DRIVE projects SECFO and TARDIS is described. The importance of dynamic route guidance and of automatic debiting systems are highlighted in identifying the likely impetus towards the implementation of RTI systems. Finally, some outstanding issues are presented briefly, and the possible emergence of international standards leading to compatible systems worldwide is discussed.     

加强高职院校学生职业指导教育的对策研究

高职学生面对严峻的就业形势和激烈的社会竞争,他们的就业矛盾和择业误区问题也越发突出。通过高职学生就业观念和择业心理问题分析,研究加强高职学生职业指导教育的对策,旨在提高学生职业指导教育工作的针对性和实效性。