DQ_(45)型钳夹式货车端盖方式运输1000MW发电机定子试验研究

为了保证DQ45型钳夹式货车端盖方式运输1000 MW发电机定子的安全,对端盖及连接端盖与定子的螺栓、拉杆进行强度试验研究。根据DQ45型钳夹式货车的技术参数、端盖的结构特点和材料性能,设计试验流程和试验方法。试验研究结果表明:螺栓的平均预紧力为375.9 kN,平均预紧应力为419.5 MPa,确定以(3 400±100)N.m力矩预紧,合车后最大应力增量为53.7 MPa,运输中最大合成应力为480.6 MPa;拉杆的最大预紧力为2 825 kN,最大预紧应力为301.3 MPa,确定以2 815~2 825 kN预紧力预紧,合车后最大合成应力为363.8 MPa,运输中最大合成应力为376.5 MPa;耳板R150圆弧大应力区,合车后最大应力为212.0 MPa,运输中最大合成应力为268.1 MPa;耳孔附近应力区,合车后最大应力为121.7 MPa,运输中最大合成应力为181.2 MPa。端盖各主要部件合成应力均在相应材料许用应力范围之内,满足运输安全的要求。     

A bi-level model of dynamic traffic signal control with continuum approximation

This paper proposes a bi-level model for traffic network signal control, which is formulated as a dynamic Stackelberg game and solved as a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC). The lower-level problem is a dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) with embedded dynamic network loading (DNL) sub-problem based on the LWR model (Lighthill and Whitham, 1955; Richards, 1956). The upper-level decision variables are (time-varying) signal green splits with the objective of minimizing network-wide travel cost. Unlike most existing literature which mainly use an on-and-off (binary) representation of the signal controls, we employ a continuum signal model recently proposed and analyzed in Han et al. (2014), which aims at describing and predicting the aggregate behavior that exists at signalized intersections without relying on distinct signal phases. Advantages of this continuum signal model include fewer integer variables, less restrictive constraints on the time steps, and higher decision resolution. It simplifies the modeling representation of large-scale urban traffic networks with the benefit of improved computational efficiency in simulation or optimization. We present, for the LWR-based DNL model that explicitly captures vehicle spillback, an in-depth study on the implementation of the continuum signal model, as its approximation accuracy depends on a number of factors and may deteriorate greatly under certain conditions. The proposed MPEC is solved on two test networks with three metaheuristic methods. Parallel computing is employed to significantly accelerate the solution procedure.     

端横撑位置对钢拱桥面外极限承载力的影响

针对主跨428 m的广州新光大桥设计方案,采用大型有限元软件ANSYS建立全桥三维有限元模型,分析横撑的数量和位置对弹性稳定和面外极限承载力的影响。结果表明,在端横撑位置确定的情况下,极限承载力随横撑数量增加先增大后降低;在横撑数量相同的情况下,端横撑位置对大跨度钢桁拱的弹性稳定和面外极限承载力影响显著,且端横撑的位置对弹性稳定的影响大于对面外极限承载力的影响。因此,在景观要求允许的情况下,端横撑应尽量向拱脚靠近。     

基于归约的几何约束求解策略

针对几何约束系统归约分解中高阶顶点的求解问题,提出高阶低代的低维数值迭代求解算法.通过去除部分约束,使得高阶顶点分解为含有欠约束顶点的低阶求解序列,对求解序列中的欠约束顶点添加虚拟参数变量,以虚拟参数变量的部分迭代求解,替代系统的整体数值求解,提高求解效率和稳定性,算法具有很强的通用性,并在实际应用中得到验证.     

国际汽车拆解信息系统的特点和应用

减少报废汽车造成的固体废物污染和加强再生资源的循环利用是汽车工业可持续发展的新主题之一。简要介绍了以世界知名汽车制造商组成的2联盟的宗旨和发展概况,较详尽地介绍了该联盟组织开发的国际汽车拆解信息系统(IDIS)的功能以及如何利用其在互联网上提供的占欧洲95%以上的汽车产品进行拆解的方法,并对该拆解信息系统的特点进行了分析。     

前期维特根斯坦哲学中方法论唯我论的先验性

一般观点认为，现象学和前期维特根斯坦哲学分别是“欧洲大陆哲学”和英美分析哲学的源头，并着意强调两之间的差异。但本认为，这两虽有区别，但就分析前期维特根斯坦哲学的思想脉络而言，它与现象学有异曲同工之处，并代表了现代西方哲学对传统哲学批判的真正革命之处。     

粉细砂土填筑压实技术试验研究

通过室内及现场试验,对粉细砂土物理力学性质和压实工艺进行研究,结果表明:粉细砂土颗粒均匀集中,通过增加单位击实功的方法不能有效提高粉细砂土的最大干密度;粉细砂土对较高含水率具有很强的敏感性,且最优含水率右侧强于左侧;粉细砂土压缩至稳定所用时间很短,碾压过程较为省时;依靠增大碾压压力来提高粉细砂土压实度的方法不可行;粉细砂土的抗剪强度峰值随法向压力增大而提高;总结了粉细砂土有约束碾压的技术参数。     

General stochastic user equilibrium traffic assignment problem with link capacity constraints

This paper addresses a general stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) traffic assignment problem with link capacity constraints. It first proposes a novel linearly constrained minimization model in terms of path flows and then shows that any of its local minimums satisfies the generalized SUE conditions. As the objective function of the proposed model involves path‐specific delay functions without explicit mathematical expressions, its Lagrangian dual formulation is analyzed. On the basis of the Lagrangian dual model, a convergent Lagrangian dual method with a predetermined step size sequence is developed. This solution method merely invokes a subroutine at each iteration to perform a conventional SUE traffic assignment excluding link capacity constraints. Finally, two numerical examples are used to illustrate the proposed model and solution method.     

An optimization model for bus fleet replacement with budgetary and environmental constraints

ABSTRACT

As maintenance and operation costs increase with usage over time, equipment is replaced when the value of new equipment is more attractive. Some methods have been developed to solve this problem. In the public transport sector, such problems are frequently analyzed by fleet managers and determined by bus age restriction regulations. We propose an Integer Programming model that integrates both budgetary and environmental constraints (CO₂ emissions) which, as far as we know, have not previously been studied in conjunction. The study aims to determine the optimal replacement plan for a fleet of diesel buses of different size, age, maintenance costs and emissions rates, with new (less polluting) diesel buses over a time horizon of 50 years. The results indicate that it is possible to reduce emissions with a low annual budget using an optimal replacement policy.     

A study on time constraints and task deviations at sea leading to accidents – a cultural-historical perspective

The high frequency of maritime accidents and incidents occurring at sea has been a major challenge for the maritime industry in the last decades. The majority of these accidents are attributed to seafarers’ poor performance. This, despite the fact that the international maritime domain continues to adopt and update conventions regulating maritime safety to mitigate these accidents from occurring. In this paper, utilising a qualitative research approach, we show through a socio-cultural contextual perspective that time constraints as a major influencing factor in causing task deviations at sea which leads to dangerous situations. We analyse how some of the present barriers in place to prevent accidents at sea are in effect prompt seafarers who are working under time pressure to deviate from their task. Moreover, the paper discusses the social constituents such as job insecurity and the seafarers’ viewpoint towards the ship operators’ commitment to safe ship operations are crucial in motivating seafarers’ deviating from the task at hand when faced with time pressure.