三线扭摆系统测量刚体转动惯量试验方法改进

获取汽车零部件总成刚体转动惯量是汽车系统设计的重要前提之一。从三线扭摆法测量刚体转动惯量的原理出发,分析引起试验误差的主要因素,总结了一套更为方便、可靠的测量三线摆周期的方法。其关键技术有:(1)由加速度传感器和数据采集系统获取三线摆圆盘切向加速度的时间历程信号;(2)通过计数和频谱分析分别得到三线摆周期并进行比较分析。试验过程中容易引起误差的环节较多,通过规则体质量块试验验证和大量的汽车零部件总成转动惯量识别试验,证明这一方法的准确性和实用性。     

高亮度LED在现代汽车照明中的应用

LED相对于传统的白炽光照明具有许多优势,高亮度LED在汽车照明的应用前景广阔,但仍需克服许多困难。采用特定的方法对电流、噪声、温度和亮度进行控制,可以解决高亮度LED的关键技术问题。随着高亮度LED在汽车照明领域的关注度不断提高,其应用市场也正在逐步扩大。使用高亮度LED照明必将成为未来汽车的主要特征之一。     

The Pollution-Routing Problem

The amount of pollution emitted by a vehicle depends on its load and speed, among other factors. This paper presents the Pollution-Routing Problem (PRP), an extension of the classical Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with a broader and more comprehensive objective function that accounts not just for the travel distance, but also for the amount of greenhouse emissions, fuel, travel times and their costs. Mathematical models are described for the PRP with or without time windows and computational experiments are performed on realistic instances. The paper sheds light on the tradeoffs between various parameters such as vehicle load, speed and total cost, and offers insight on economies of ‘environmental-friendly’ vehicle routing. The results suggest that, contrary to the VRP, the PRP is significantly more difficult to solve to optimality but has the potential of yielding savings in total cost.     

单柱式连续刚构铁路桥结构不对称性地震响应分析

以大准铁路增二线内蒙古黄河连续刚构特大桥为工程背景,应用有限元程序Midas／Civil建模,采用反应谱分析法,研究了上部结构左右边跨长度不对称与下部结构桥墩高度不对称时连续刚构桥的抗震性能。研究结果表明：桥墩高差不对称引起的结构地震响应较左右边跨不对称明显,在进行抗震设计时应取小的桥墩高差,同时不应该放松两桥墩的设计...     

波浪冲击作用下海洋结构物的动力响应

通过对海洋结构物在波浪冲击作用下动力响应的试验研究,分析了波浪冲击作用下结构物最大动力响应及出现的时间。基于Fourier变换的频谱分析,得到了波浪冲击荷载作用下平台结构的水平和竖向振动特性。当入射波频率接近平台水平固有频率时,在水平方向会产生共振。结构物模型竖向刚度较大,试验中竖向不发生共振。     

谐波和间谐波参数估计的新方法

为解决谐波和间谐波参数估计受噪声影响的难题,从被检测信号噪声的基本特性出发,提出了一种基于现代互谱、总体最小二乘、旋转不变参数估计和改进普罗尼技术的谐波和间谐波参数估计新方法.该方法采用互谱技术处理不同采样序列的互相关矩阵;根据不同时刻白噪声相互独立的原理划分信号子空间和噪声子空间,并结合总体最小二乘与旋转不变参数估计判定被检测信号的频率;最后,根据白噪声均值为0的特性,采用改进普罗尼技术估计信号分量的幅值和初始相角.仿真结果表明,该方法在低信噪比环境下可检测出多个子信号,且频率的相对误差均小于0.4%,而耗时仅0.058 s,具有良好的估计精度和估计效率.     

聚苯胺红外反射谱随氯化氢掺杂量的变化

掺杂种类和掺杂量的不同可使聚苯胺的光学性质发生很大的变化．利用盐酸挥发的HCl气体对聚苯胺自支持薄膜进行了掺杂,并测量了不同掺杂浓度的薄膜在不同入射角下的红外反射谱（4000cm-1～400cm-1）．结果表明：掺杂使干涉程度明显减弱、干涉峰向长波方向移动、反射率先上升后下降,而且不同入射角反射谱的相对强度也会有一定程度的改变．通过实测数据分析与计算机模拟对比证明：在低掺杂浓度时,随着掺杂程度的提高,消光系数上升较快,当掺杂浓度较高时,消光系数上升缓慢;在整个掺杂过程中,折射率基本保持一个较慢的上升趋势．     

Biofuel futures in road transport – A modeling analysis for Sweden

First and second generation biofuels are among few low-carbon alternatives for road transport that currently are commercially available or in an early commercialization phase. They are thus potential options for meeting climate targets in the medium term. For the case of Sweden, we investigate cost-efficient use of biofuels in road transport under system-wide CO₂ reduction targets to 2050, and the effects of implementation of targets for an almost fossil-free road transport sector to 2030. We apply the bottom-up, optimization MARKAL_Sweden model, which covers the entire Swedish energy system including the transport sector. For CO₂ reductions of 80% to 2050 in the Swedish energy system as a whole, the results of the main scenario show an annual growth rate for road transport biofuels of about 6% from 2010 to 2050, with biofuels accounting for 78% of road transport final energy use in 2050. The preferred biofuel choices are methanol and biomethane. When introducing additional fossil fuel phase-out policies in road transport (−80% to 2030), a doubling of the growth rate to 2030 is required and system CO₂ abatement costs increases by 6% for the main scenario. Results imply that second generation biofuels, along with energy-efficient vehicle technologies such as plug-in hybrids, can be an important part of optimized system solutions meeting stringent medium-term climate targets.     

The impact of a congestion pricing exemption on the demand for new energy efficient vehicles in Stockholm

As governments seek to transition to more efficient vehicle fleets, one strategy has been to incentivize ‘green’ vehicle choice by exempting some of these vehicles from road user charges. As an example, to stimulate sales of energy efficient vehicles (EEVs) in Sweden, some of these automobiles were exempted from Stockholm’s congestion tax. In this paper the effect this policy had on the demand for new, privately-owned, exempt EEVs is assessed by first estimating a model of vehicle choice and then by applying this model to simulate vehicle alternative market shares under different policy scenarios. The database used to calibrate the model includes owner-specific demographics merged with vehicle registry data for all new private vehicles registered in Stockholm County during 2008. Characteristics of individuals with a higher propensity to purchase an exempt EEV were identified. The most significant factors included intra-cordon residency (positive), distance from home to the CBD (negative), and commuting across the cordon (positive). By calculating vehicle shares from the vehicle choice model and then comparing these estimates to a simulated scenario where the congestion tax exemption was inactive, the exemption was estimated to have substantially increased the share of newly purchased, private, exempt EEVs in Stockholm by 1.8% (±0.3%; 95% C.I.) to a total share of 18.8%. This amounts to an estimated 10.7% increase in private, exempt EEV purchases during 2008, i.e., 519 privately owned, exempt EEVs.