全舰计算环境体系结构和系统集成框架

“全舰计算环境”（TSCE）代表了舰船信息系统集成技术的先进水平,带来舰船系统设计和集成方式的变化.提出一种全舰计算环境体系结构和系统集成框架.全舰计算环境由基础设施和各种领域应用组成.其系统集成框架可以自顶向下分为3个层次,即功能集成、数据集成和物理集成.其中：功能集成包括构件、服务和任务3个层次;数据集成区分实时与非实时应用,包括基于数据分发服务（DDS）的实时数据总线和企业服务总线（ESB）;物理集成除网络基础设施外,还包括显示层、核心层和适配层,分别对应人机接口设备、数据处理设备和适配处理设备.全舰计算环境的工程实施将带来工程管理与系统研制模式的变革.     

水性涂料在铁道车辆中的应用

综述我国铁道车辆涂料的应用现状、与涂料相关的环保要求以及铁道车辆涂料的特点和存在的问题,简述水性涂料的发展概况及加快水性涂料在铁道车辆中应用方面的建议。     

我国水污染状况及控制对策

随着社会经济的快速发展,随之带来的水污染问题也日益突出,现已成为社会各界关注的主要环境问题。本文简要论述了我国水污染的现状、危害及其控制对策。     

列车车厢内空气品质的模糊性综合评判

采用模糊数学理论,对列车车厢内空气品质问卷调查结果进行处理,综合考虑体现空气品质优劣的六个指标,依据专家打分法确定其相应的权重系数,并将空气品质划分为"好"、"中等"、"差"三个等级,确定其相应的隶属函数。将问卷调查得到的统计数据进行模糊变换得到各车厢空气品质的综合评价指数,根据最大隶属度原则得到各车厢空气品质的等级,并用模糊相似选择的方法确定不同车厢对"空气品质"的优劣次序。     

基于车内环境品质的铁路客车空调实时控制系统研究

针对现有控制方式仅以车内温度为控制对象所存在的弊端,建议以整个车内环境为控制对象,以反映热环境舒适性和车内空气品质的宏观、微观控制指标为依据,将模糊技术和神经网络技术相结合,建立实时控制系统。系统模型分为输入层、计算层和控制层,分别由传感器和主控计算机实现数据实时检测、计算和控制功能,并采用自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS)用于铁路客车中的空调处理过程控制,以实现铁路客车空调实时控制,从而较为全面、有效地改善空调客车车内环境品质。     

环境导向的城市交通分配模型综述

交通分配是智能交通诱导和控制的重要理论依据,研究基于因素的城市交通分配模型极具理论价值和实际意义。考虑环境因素的交通配流问题还刚刚起步,无论是模型的构建还是算法的设计与改进都仍有待于进一步的研究和探讨。系统地综述了目前国内外基于环境因素的交通分配的典型模型和算法,并提出其今后需要改进和发展的方向。     

青藏铁路建设的生态环境保护

青藏铁路格拉段建设中,为有效控制工程建设对沿线生态环境的影响,维持高原生态系统的自我平衡,对环境保护工作实施了全面系统化的管理和一系列技术创新。从项目的可行性研究,到设计、施工,每一环节都贯彻环保理念,充分体现了“预防为主、保护优先、开发与保护并重”的原则,全面创新了施工期间的环保管理模式,环境保护取得了显著的成效。青藏铁路建设的环保实践表明,积极探索环保施工方法和工艺,切实落实环保措施、科研和技术创新等,为做好环境保护提供了重要保证。     

昆明机场轨道交通示范线城市值机方案研究

结合国内外机场城市值机的概念,以昆明机场轨道交通示范线为例,研究具备城市值机功能的塘子巷站的配线方案、城市值机大厅方案以及与周边环境衔接意义。考虑到城市值机和车站功能、客流吸引、行车组织、施工难度等因素,采用站后折返方案。城市值机大厅考虑客流吸引及商业开发价值等因素推荐地下一层为商业开发,地下二层为值机区域,地下三层为设备区的方案。城市值机方案将实现多方式联运,提升商业价值等功能。     

汽车发展趋势研究

汽车是我们日常出行的重要交通工具,它随着技术的发展不断的拓展着自己的功能。目前,环境和能源问题成为汽车发展的一大挑战,未来,汽车将向着互联化、轻量化、智能化、环保化、小型化、个性化的方向发展,文章就从这几个方面着手分析未来汽车的发展趋势,认为汽车会朝着更环保、更便利的方向去发展。     

International private and public reinforcing dependencies for the innovation of automotive emission control systems in Japan and USA

In the beginning of the 1970s, the economies of USA and Japan were growing fast and environmental pollution was increasing to alarming levels. As passenger car emissions were found to be significant and rapidly increasing, their reduction was specially targeted. Following a bill passed by US Congress in 1968, requirements were set in 1970 for the vehicle manufacturers to reduce the emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) with 90% by 1975, and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) with 90% by 1976. These requirements were soon adapted to the Japanese regulatory framework, and were known in both countries as the “Muskie Act” or “Muskie Law” after the senator who developed the original bill.The new requirements spurred tremendous research and development efforts. Car manufacturers and research institutions in USA, Japan and Europe investigated and developed alternative solutions, including gas turbine and steam engine vehicles. California, the USA state with the most severe air quality problems and the only state at the time allowed to establish more strict requirements than federal regulation, established requirements implying the use of oxidation catalysts in 1975 and three-way catalysts (TWC’s) in 1977. Japan as a nation adopted similar requirements 1976 and 1978. Export of cars from Japan to USA increased rapidly. The rest of USA adopted emission standards similar to California’s only in 1981, timing USA vehicle sales rebound after the energy crisis and grave economic downturn. Strict requirements were thus established only after more than a decade of civic and legal processes between federal authorities, the car manufacturers and NGO’s.The history of vehicle development is one of cooperation and competition. This paper argues that the international cooperation on different levels of society (government, industry and science) together with commercial competition between the two countries was strong, continuous and instrumental in enabling the development of technology, appropriate regulation and infrastructural changes and thus created a market for cleaner cars and effectively reduced emissions from the growing vehicle fleet. In other words, the introduction of TWCs was reinforced by the simultaneous development of mitigating technology in two car producing countries competing for market space.