Air transport and high-speed rail competition: Environmental implications and mitigation strategies

We build a duopoly model to shed light on the environmental impact of HSR-air transport competition, capturing the effects of induced demand, schedule frequency and HSR speed. The net environmental effect can be negative since there is a the trade-off between the substitution effect – how many passengers using the HSR are shifted from air transport – and the traffic generation effect – how much new demand is generated by the HSR. We conduct a simulation study based on the London-Paris market where HSR has served 70% of the market. The introduction of HSR is detrimental to LAP, while it is beneficial to GHG emissions. HSR entry increases neither LAP nor GHG emissions when the ratio between HSR and air transport emissions is relatively low. Moreover, competition is more likely to be detrimental to the environment when the weight of the social welfare in HSR objective function is high. Since the magnitude of the environmental friendliness of HSR compared to air transport hinges on the mix of energy sources used to generate the electricity (which is heavily constrained by the country in which HSR operates), regulators should assess the implications of HSR entry taking into account the energy policy and mitigation strategies available to transport modes.     

Developing environmentally sustainable logistics: Exploring themes and challenges from a logistics service providers’ perspective

The purpose of this paper is to explore themes and challenges in developing environmentally sustainable logistical activities.The approach is explorative with a cross sectional design that takes advantage of ten case studies out of selected logistics service providers (LSPs) operating primarily in the Scandinavian countries.The findings illustrate the major themes by analyzing current and future activities in developing environmentally sustainable logistical activities. In addition, four categories of challenges are identified: customer priorities, managerial complexity, network imbalance, and technological and legislative uncertainties. It is concluded that there is a great need for a holistic perspective where LSPs and product owners together analyze and design future logistical setups.The suggested holistic and integrative model, building on a three-dimensional concurrent engineering framework, provides new opportunities for research. Further research is needed to improve the interrelationship between LSPs and their customers in the development of sustainable logistical solutions.This paper puts forward recommendations for the sustainable development of logistics by combining the results from the case studies with a review of related literature. This will be beneficial for managers and policy makers when they approach sustainable logistical challenges. The emergence and synthesis of themes and challenges are critical for a sustainable society.     

特别敏感海域和特殊区域的对比研究

为了减少航运活动对海洋环境产生的危害,国际海事组织分别提出了基于MARPOL公约的"特别区域"和"特别敏感海域"的两个概念,以对一些需要特别保护的海域采取更加严格的措施进行保护。在对这两个概念的提出背景和法律依据进行探讨的基础上,对两种保护区域的申请标准和程序,及相关的保护性措施等进行了比较深入的对比研究,并就目前这两种保护海域最新发展的现状进行了综述。提出应积极推行国际公约及法规来保护我国的海洋环境。     

GJ-Ⅲ减振扣件轨道对轨道交通高架段环境噪声的影响分析

为了研究不同形式减振轨道对降低地铁线路高架段环境噪声效果,以国内某地铁高架桥段周边环境噪声为研究对象,分别对列车以110 km/h通过该高架段2种不同轨道时诱发的噪声水平进行测试分析,然后改变原有评价方式,通过引入更符合人耳听觉的响度分析方式对噪声水平进行综合评价,并对比分析两种轨道形式的噪声水平,提出改进思路。结果表明:(1)相比DZⅢ-1型普通减振扣件轨道,GJ-Ⅲ型中等减振扣件轨道除在桥中央线测点处有一定降噪效果外,在其他测点处降噪效果并不明显;(2)通过响度分析发现,GJ-Ⅲ型中等减振扣件可能还会增大人耳对环境噪声的感知情况。     

铁路动力环境监控系统简析

动力环境监控系统主要由集中监控中心、区域监控中心及现场监控单元组成，监控铁路机房里电源等动力设备运行情况及无人值守机房环境情况，保证铁路运输安全畅通。     

铁路产品质量监督的新探索

叙述了产品质量监督工作的作用、地位和重要性,通过对铁路工业产品质量监督现状和环境变化的剖析,阐明了需要重新审视产品质量监督工作的必要性,并根据自身的工作实践和经验,提出了对进一步改进和完善产品质量监督工作的思考和建议。     

地铁车站环控系统设计中气流组织方案的数值模拟

针对地铁车站环境控制系统设计中常用的几种典型气流组织方案,使用计算流体力学(CFD)的方法,采用重正化群双方程紊流模型,对待建地铁车站及其隧道内的温度场和气流速度场进行三维数值模拟,得到各种方案下的温度和气流速度分布。通过分析和比较,认为屏蔽门方案能够得到最优的站台候车环境,但会使隧道内的温度有较大的升高,且投资较大;在投资较小的3种方案中,混合回/排风方案的效果最佳,对该方案造成的站台上气流速度分布不均匀的情况提出了相应的改善措施,并对数值模拟方法在地铁车站环控系统设计中的应用进行了探讨。     

国企改革中技术创新的环境管理

技术创新是国有企业改革取得成功的重要保证,而环境建设是技术创新的关键,本文提出了国企改革中技术创新环境建设的主要内容及具体途径。     

铁路噪声比例预测法的改进

针对原铁路噪声比例预测法不适应铁路提速和环境变化的需要,对其方法进行了改进。改进后的比例法采用现场实测的暴露声级作为输入参数的噪声基本量,可以按货运列车、常速列车、提速列车、客运专线列车等分类。提出的修正量参数适应由于列车、车辆技术改进或更新所引起的噪声辐射强度的变化。     

关于我国汽车企业建立与实施环境管理体系的分析研究

对我国汽车企业建立与实施环境管理体系的标准依据、策划构想、环境污染防治技术选择与应用，以及与质量管理体系一体化等进行了较为全面的分析。